Mussabekova Saule A, Stoyan Anastasiya O, Mkhitaryan Xeniya E, Zhautikova Saule B
Department of Morphology, Karaganda Medical University, 60-59 Yermekova ul., Karaganda, 100009, Kazakhstan.
Karaganda Medical University, 287 Baizakova ul., Almaty 050040, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2024 Jul-Aug;14(4):370-377. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.04.004. Epub 2024 May 24.
The human skull is the part of the skeleton most frequently used in population studies, as it was more exposed to genetic factors and less exposed to environmental factors. The skull is an important component in human forensic identification.
The craniometric characteristics of 186 male and 114 female skulls found on the territory of Kazakhstan were studied. Dimensions were measured using standard anthropometric methods and instruments. The results of measurements of 25 craniometric parameters are presented. Methods of descriptive and parametric statistics were used.
Statistical analysis showed significant regional dimorphism, confirming theindividuality of the Kazakhstan population. Statistically significant deviations werefound in 6 male craniometric characteristics and 4 female craniometric characteristics(p<0.05). The most dimorphous variables for regional identification in Kazakhstanmales were the higher skull base and frontal chord width , full face height , condylarand bigonial width , and low mandibular body reference values (p<0.05). For females,significant statistical discrepancies were seen in the transverse diameter and skullbase width, mastoid and occipital aperture width (p<0.05).
The recorded variations and changes in the morphology of the humanskull of the population of Kazakhstan indicate the need to develop and updateosteometric standards used in practice for specific populations. All this will significantlyimprove the accuracy of forensic identification and more fully study the biologicalpatterns of population formation, as well as evaluate the comparative effectiveness ofindividual features in the reconstruction of the population history of various populationgroups.
人类头骨是骨骼中在群体研究中最常被使用的部分，因为它更多地受到遗传因素影响，而较少受到环境因素影响。头骨是人类法医鉴定中的重要组成部分。
对在哈萨克斯坦境内发现的186例男性和114例女性头骨的颅骨测量特征进行了研究。使用标准人体测量方法和仪器测量尺寸。给出了25个颅骨测量参数的测量结果。采用了描述性和参数统计方法。
统计分析显示出显著的区域二态性，证实了哈萨克斯坦人群的个体独特性。在6项男性颅骨测量特征和4项女性颅骨测量特征中发现了具有统计学意义的偏差（p<0.05）。哈萨克斯坦男性用于区域识别的最具二态性的变量是较高的颅底和额弦宽度、全脸高度、髁突和下颌角宽度以及较低的下颌体参考值（p<0.05）。对于女性，在横径和颅底宽度、乳突和枕骨孔径宽度方面存在显著的统计学差异（p<0.05）。
哈萨克斯坦人群人类头骨形态记录的变化表明，需要制定和更新针对特定人群实际使用的骨测量标准。所有这些将显著提高法医鉴定的准确性，更全面地研究群体形成的生物学模式，以及评估个体特征在重建不同人群群体历史中的比较有效性。
