Burn Anne-Marie, Hall Poppy, Anderson Joanna
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
JMIR Form Res. 2024 Jun 4;8:e50024. doi: 10.2196/50024.
Self-harm is common among adolescents and is a major public health concern. School staff may be the first adults to notice a young person's self-harm and are well placed to provide support or signpost students to help. However, school staff often report that they do not feel equipped or confident to support students. Despite the need, there is a lack of evidence-based training about self-harm for school staff. A web-based training program would provide schools with a flexible and cost-effective method of increasing staff knowledge, skills, and confidence in how to respond to students who self-harm.
The main objective of this study was to coproduce an evidence-based training program for school staff to improve their skills and confidence in responding to students who self-harm (Supportive Response to Self-Harm [SORTS]). This paper describes the design and development process of an initial prototype coproduced with stakeholders to ensure that the intervention meets their requirements.
Using a user-centered design and person-based approach, the SORTS prototype was informed by (1) a review of research literature, existing guidelines, and policies; (2) coproduction discussions with the technical provider and subject matter experts (mental health, education, and self-harm); (3) findings from focus groups with young people; and (4) coproduction workshops with school staff. Thematic analysis using the framework method was applied.
Coproduction sessions with experts and the technical provider enabled us to produce a draft of the training content, a wireframe, and example high-fidelity user interface designs. Analysis of focus groups and workshops generated four key themes: (1) need for a training program; (2) acceptability, practicality, and implementation; (3) design, content, and navigation; and (4) adaptations and improvements. The findings showed that there is a clear need for a web-based training program about self-harm in schools, and the proposed program content and design were useful, practical, and acceptable. Consultations with stakeholders informed the iterative development of the prototype.
SORTS is a web-based training program for school staff to appropriately respond to students who self-harm that is based on research evidence and developed in collaboration with stakeholders. The SORTS program will equip school staff with the skills and strategies to respond in a supportive way to students who self-harm and encourage schools to adopt a whole-school approach to self-harm. Further research is needed to complete the intervention development based on the feedback from this study and evaluate the program's effectiveness. If found to be effective, the SORTS program could be implemented in schools and other youth organizations.
青少年自残现象普遍，是一个重大的公共卫生问题。学校工作人员可能是最早注意到青少年自残行为的成年人，并且处于为学生提供支持或指引其寻求帮助的有利位置。然而，学校工作人员经常表示他们觉得自己没有能力或信心去支持学生。尽管有需求，但针对学校工作人员缺乏关于自残的循证培训。基于网络的培训项目将为学校提供一种灵活且具成本效益的方法，以增加工作人员在应对自残学生方面的知识、技能和信心。
本研究的主要目的是共同制作一个基于证据的培训项目，以提高学校工作人员应对自残学生的技能和信心（自残支持性应对 [SORTS]）。本文描述了与利益相关者共同制作的初始原型的设计和开发过程，以确保干预措施符合他们的要求。
采用以用户为中心的设计和基于人的方法，SORTS 原型的形成基于以下方面：（1）对研究文献、现有指南和政策的审查；（2）与技术提供商和主题专家（心理健康、教育和自残领域）的共同制作讨论；（3）与青少年进行焦点小组讨论的结果；（4）与学校工作人员的共同制作研讨会。应用了使用框架方法的主题分析。
与专家和技术提供商的共同制作会议使我们能够制作培训内容草案、线框图和示例高保真用户界面设计。对焦点小组和研讨会的分析产生了四个关键主题：（1）对培训项目的需求；（2）可接受性、实用性和实施；（3）设计、内容和导航；（4）调整和改进。结果表明，学校显然需要一个关于自残的基于网络的培训项目，并且提议的项目内容和设计是有用的、实用的且可接受的。与利益相关者的协商为原型的迭代开发提供了信息。
SORTS 是一个基于网络的培训项目，旨在帮助学校工作人员以适当方式应对自残学生，该项目基于研究证据并与利益相关者合作开发。SORTS 项目将使学校工作人员具备以支持性方式应对自残学生的技能和策略，并鼓励学校采取全校范围的自残应对方法。需要进一步开展研究，根据本研究的反馈完成干预措施开发并评估该项目的有效性。如果被证明有效，SORTS 项目可在学校和其他青少年组织中实施。
