Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Ann Med. 2024 Dec;56(1):2361254. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2361254. Epub 2024 Jun 4.
Injury rates in competitive alpine skiing are high. With current methods, identifying people at risk is expensive and thus often not feasible at the youth level. The aims of this study were (1) to describe the jump performance and movement quality of youth competitive alpine skiers according to age and sex, (2) to compare the jump distance among skiers of different sexes and movement quality grades, and (3) to assess the inter-rater grading reliability of the qualitative visual movement quality classification of such jumps and the agreement between live and video-based post-exercise grading.
This cross-sectional study is based on an anonymized dataset of 301 7- to 15-year-old competitive alpine skiers. The skiers performed two-legged forward triple jumps, whereby the jump distance was measured, and grades were assigned by experienced raters from the frontal and sagittal perspectives depending on the execution quality of the jumps. Furthermore, jumps were filmed and ultimately rated post-exercise. Differences in jump distance between various groups were assessed by multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs). Reliability was determined using Kendall's coefficient of concordance.
The jump distance was significantly greater in U16 skiers than in U11 skiers of both sexes and in skiers with execution quality than in those with or execution quality. Overall, jump distance in U16 skiers significantly differed between female (5.37 m with 95% CI [5.21, 5.53]) and male skiers (5.90 m with 95%CI [5.69, 6.10]). Slightly better inter-rater grading reliability was observed for video-based post-exercise ( agreement) ratings than for live ratings ( agreement).
In competitive alpine skiers aged 7 to 15 years, jump performance increases with age, and around puberty, sex differences start to manifest. Our results highlight the importance of evaluating both jump distance and movement quality in youth skiers. To improve test-retest reliability, however, a video-based post-exercise evaluation is recommended.
竞技高山滑雪的受伤率很高。目前的方法识别高危人群费用昂贵，因此在青少年群体中往往不可行。本研究的目的是：(1) 按年龄和性别描述青少年竞技高山滑雪者的跳跃表现和动作质量；(2) 比较不同性别和动作质量等级的滑雪者的跳跃距离；(3) 评估定性视觉动作质量分类对这种跳跃的评分的评分者间信度和现场评分与录像后评分之间的一致性。
这是一项基于 301 名 7 至 15 岁竞技高山滑雪运动员的匿名数据集的横断面研究。滑雪者进行双腿向前三级跳，测量跳跃距离，并由经验丰富的评分者从正面和矢状面根据跳跃的执行质量进行评分。此外，跳跃还进行了录像，最终在运动后进行评分。通过多变量方差分析（MANOVA）评估各种组之间跳跃距离的差异。使用 Kendall 协调系数确定可靠性。
U16 滑雪者的跳跃距离明显大于男女 U11 滑雪者，且执行质量 的滑雪者的跳跃距离明显大于执行质量 或 的滑雪者。总体而言，U16 滑雪者的跳跃距离在女性（95%CI [5.21, 5.53]）和男性（95%CI [5.69, 6.10]）之间存在显著差异。录像后（ 一致性）评分的评分者间评分可靠性略高于现场评分（ 一致性）。
在 7 至 15 岁的竞技高山滑雪运动员中，跳跃表现随年龄增长而增加，青春期左右，性别差异开始显现。我们的研究结果强调了评估青少年滑雪者跳跃距离和动作质量的重要性。为了提高测试-重测可靠性，建议进行录像后评估。
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