Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Chambéry, France.
Département Scientifique et Sportif, Fédération Française de Ski, Annecy, France.
J Sports Sci. 2021 Aug;39(16):1882-1892. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1906523. Epub 2021 Apr 1.
In jumping, countermovement increases net propulsive force and improves performance. We aimed to test whether this countermovement effect is velocity specific and examine the degree to which this varies between athletes, sports or performance levels. Force-velocity profiles were compiled in high-level skiers (= 23) and sprinters (= 30), with their performance represented in their overall world ranking and season-best 100 m time, respectively. Different ratios between force-velocity variables were computed from squat and countermovement jumps (smaller = less effect): jump height (), maximum power (), force (), and velocity (). Countermovement effect differed per velocity (inverse relationship between and = -0.74, < .001), and variation force-velocity profiles with countermovement. Skiers exhibited smaller (= -0.675, < .001), sprinters smaller (= 0.426, = .008), and "moderate" velocity conditions did not differentiate groups ( or > .05). 33% of the variance in skiers' performance level was explained by greater maximum force and a lower (i.e., high explosiveness at low-velocities without countermovement), without an association for sprinters. Countermovement effect appears specific to movement velocity, sport and athlete level. Consequently, we advise sports-specific assessment, and potentially training to reduce the countermovement effect per the relevant velocity.
在跳跃中，反向运动可以增加净推进力并提高表现。我们旨在测试这种反向运动效应是否具有速度特异性，并研究其在运动员、运动项目或表现水平之间的变化程度。在高水平滑雪运动员（= 23 人）和短跑运动员（= 30 人）中编制了力-速度曲线，他们的表现分别由他们的总体世界排名和赛季最佳 100 米时间来代表。从深蹲跳和反向跳中计算出不同的力-速度变量比（越小表示效果越小）：跳跃高度（）、最大功率（）、力（）和速度（）。反向运动效应因速度而异（与呈反比关系，= -0.74，<.001），并且反向运动的力-速度曲线存在差异。滑雪运动员的较小（= -0.675，<.001），短跑运动员的较小（= 0.426，= 0.008），而“中等”速度条件无法区分组间差异（或>.05）。滑雪运动员表现水平的 33%的方差可以通过更大的最大力和较低的来解释（即，在没有反向运动的低速度下具有高爆发力），而短跑运动员则没有这种关联。反向运动效应似乎特定于运动速度、运动项目和运动员水平。因此，我们建议进行特定于运动的评估，并可能进行训练，以减少与相关速度相关的反向运动效应。
