Spörri Jörg, Bonell Monsonís Oriol, Balsiger Peter, Bahr Roald, Dios Caitlin, Engebretsen Lars, Finnoff Jonathan T, Gillespie Sarah, Hörterer Hubert, Mitterbauer Gerald, Pasanen Kati, Raschner Christian, Reardon Claudia L, Scherr Johannes, Schobersberger Wolfgang, Valtonen Maarit, Weirather Tina, Gouttebarge Vincent, Bolling Caroline, Verhagen Evert
Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2025 Aug 28;11(3):e002623. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002623. eCollection 2025.
To enhance performance, increase resilience and prevent injuries, training and testing (T&T) are the most important strategies for preparing athletes for the demands of their sport. However, for competitive snow sports such as alpine skiing, freestyle skiing and snowboarding, there is little evidence and a lack of international harmonisation of current best practices. This consensus statement, commissioned by the International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS), aims to provide recommendations for the physical and psychological T&T of competitive alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders within National Ski and Snowboard Associations. A diverse international consensus panel was selected to represent the subject matter regarding gender, nationality, expertise/background, level of competition and skiing and snowboarding discipline. Researchers, officials, physicians, physiotherapists, coaches and former athletes with extensive experience in the field were among the experts. However, the panel had a limited gender balance (seven women and 13 men) and was over-represented by European members (65%) and North American members (20%), whereas there was limited representation of perspectives from South American (5%), Australasian (5%) and African (5%) experts and a lack of experts from Asia. In the first step, the panel established an overarching structure of topics and questions to be addressed by the consensus statement. Following the RAND-UCLA appropriateness method, the consensus process subsequently included panellist ratings, discussions and revisions informed by statements derived from the literature or expert/panellist opinions. These two outcomes served as the basis for manuscript writing, which was finalised through two iterative rounds of manuscript feedback and revision. This consensus statement aims to help athletes, coaches and medical staff of international and national federations plan and implement effective T&T activities for competitive alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders.
为提高运动表现、增强恢复力并预防受伤，训练与测试（T&T）是让运动员为其运动项目需求做好准备的最重要策略。然而，对于高山滑雪、自由式滑雪和单板滑雪等竞技性雪上运动，目前几乎没有证据，且缺乏国际通用的最佳实践。这份由国际滑雪和单板滑雪联合会（FIS）委托撰写的共识声明，旨在为国家滑雪和单板滑雪协会内的竞技高山滑雪和自由式滑雪运动员以及单板滑雪运动员的身体和心理训练与测试提供建议。一个多元化的国际共识小组被选出来，以代表在性别、国籍、专业知识/背景、比赛水平以及滑雪和单板滑雪项目方面的相关主题。专家包括在该领域有丰富经验的研究人员、官员、医生、物理治疗师、教练和前运动员。然而，该小组的性别平衡有限（7名女性和13名男性），欧洲成员（65%）和北美成员（20%）占比过高，而南美（5%）、澳大拉西亚（5%）和非洲（5%）专家的观点代表性有限，且缺乏亚洲专家。第一步，小组确定了共识声明要解决的总体主题和问题结构。按照兰德-加州大学洛杉矶分校适宜性方法，共识过程随后包括小组成员评分、讨论以及根据文献得出的陈述或专家/小组成员意见进行的修订。这两个结果作为撰写稿件的基础，稿件通过两轮反复的稿件反馈和修订得以最终确定。这份共识声明旨在帮助国际和国家联合会的运动员、教练和医务人员为竞技高山滑雪和自由式滑雪运动员以及单板滑雪运动员规划和实施有效的训练与测试活动。
