School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
Exp Mol Med. 2023 Oct;55(10):2127-2137. doi: 10.1038/s12276-023-01097-8. Epub 2023 Oct 2.
Recent discoveries in stem cell and developmental biology have introduced a new era marked by the generation of in vitro models that recapitulate early mammalian development, providing unprecedented opportunities for extensive research in embryogenesis. Here, we present an overview of current techniques that model early mammalian embryogenesis, specifically noting models created from stem cells derived from two significant species: Homo sapiens, for its high relevance, and Mus musculus, a historically common and technically advanced model organism. We aim to provide a holistic understanding of these in vitro models by tracing the historical background of the progress made in stem cell biology and discussing the fundamental underlying principles. At each developmental stage, we present corresponding in vitro models that recapitulate the in vivo embryo and further discuss how these models may be used to model diseases. Through a discussion of these models as well as their potential applications and future challenges, we hope to demonstrate how these innovative advances in stem cell research may be further developed to actualize a model to be used in clinical practice.
最近在干细胞和发育生物学方面的发现开创了一个新纪元，其标志是能够重现早期哺乳动物发育的体外模型的产生，为胚胎发生的广泛研究提供了前所未有的机会。在这里，我们概述了目前模拟早期哺乳动物胚胎发生的技术，特别注意了从两个重要物种（人类，因为其高度相关性，和小鼠，一种历史上常见且技术先进的模式生物）中衍生的干细胞所创建的模型。我们旨在通过追踪干细胞生物学进展的历史背景并讨论基本的基本原则，来全面了解这些体外模型。在每个发育阶段，我们都呈现了相应的能够重现体内胚胎的体外模型，并进一步讨论了这些模型如何用于模拟疾病。通过讨论这些模型以及它们的潜在应用和未来挑战，我们希望展示如何进一步开发干细胞研究中的这些创新进展，以实现可用于临床实践的模型。
