Department of Public Health, Aarhus University.
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2024 Jul 1;27(4):355-360. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001047. Epub 2024 May 16.
This review highlights recent developments in understanding the role of dietary fibre and specific fibre types on risk and management of cardiometabolic disease with a focus on the causal pathways leading to cardiometabolic diseases, namely weight management, glycaemic control, and lipid levels, as well as the latest findings for cardiovascular disease outcomes such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality. Evidence for mechanisms through gut microbiota are also briefly reviewed.
Dietary fibre intake is associated with improved weight management, the extent of which may depend on the subtype of dietary fibre. Overall dietary fibre intake reduces blood glucose and HbA1c, however soluble fibres may be particularly effective in reducing HbA1c, fasting blood glucose and blood lipids. Individual meta-analyses and umbrella reviews of observational studies on dietary fibre, as well as major fibre types, observed inverse associations with incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality due to cardiovascular disease. As different types of fibres exerted different health benefits, fibre diversity (i.e. combinations of fibres) should be further investigated.
Dietary fibres improve both short-term and long-term cardiometabolic disease risk factors and outcomes, and thus should be on every menu.
目的综述： 本文重点介绍了膳食纤维和特定纤维类型在心血管代谢疾病风险和管理中的作用的最新研究进展，主要涉及导致心血管代谢疾病的因果途径，即体重管理、血糖控制和血脂水平，以及最新的心血管疾病结局（如冠心病、中风和死亡率）的研究结果。本文还简要综述了肠道微生物群的作用机制。
最近发现：膳食纤维的摄入与体重管理的改善有关，其程度可能取决于膳食纤维的亚型。膳食纤维的总摄入量可降低血糖和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c），但可溶性纤维可能对降低 HbA1c、空腹血糖和血脂特别有效。关于膳食纤维以及主要纤维类型的观察性研究的个体荟萃分析和伞式综述发现，膳食纤维与冠心病、中风和心血管疾病导致的死亡率呈负相关。由于不同类型的纤维具有不同的健康益处，因此应进一步研究纤维的多样性（即纤维的组合）。
总结：膳食纤维可改善短期和长期的心血管代谢疾病风险因素和结局，因此应出现在每个人的食谱中。
