Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Dev Psychobiol. 2024 Jul;66(5):e22512. doi: 10.1002/dev.22512.
The current study examined associations between parental adversities as experienced in adolescence and hair cortisol concentration (HCC) 26 years later (n = 47). Specifically, bivariate correlations and linear regressions were used to examine harsh parenting as well as parental economic pressure, emotional distress, and body mass index (BMI) when their adolescent was between 15 and 16 years old (parent average age 43). HCC was measured when the adolescent was an adult (average 42 years old), at a similar age to when their parent(s) first participated in the study. We also assessed their economic pressure, emotional distress, obesity, and perceived stress in adulthood. For results across generations, parental economic pressure experienced during adolescence was significantly related to HCC when these adolescents were adults. None of the adult economic pressure, emotional distress, BMI, and perceived stress variables were associated with their HCC. Interestingly, there were significant associations among adult perceived stress, economic pressure, emotional distress, and obesity. Thus, the association between parental economic pressure and adult HCC is independent of adult adversities. Results highlight early economic adversity as a possible childhood stressor that has implications throughout the life course.
本研究考察了青少年时期经历的父母逆境与 26 年后头发皮质醇浓度 (HCC) 之间的关联(n=47)。具体而言,使用双变量相关和线性回归来检验严厉的育儿方式以及青少年 15 至 16 岁时(父母平均年龄 43 岁)的父母经济压力、情绪困扰和体重指数 (BMI)。当青少年成年(平均 42 岁)时测量 HCC,此时他们的父母第一次参加研究的年龄与之相似。我们还评估了他们成年后的经济压力、情绪困扰、肥胖和感知压力。对于跨代的结果,青少年时期经历的父母经济压力与成年时的 HCC 显著相关。成年后的经济压力、情绪困扰、BMI 和感知压力变量均与 HCC 无关。有趣的是,成年后的感知压力、经济压力、情绪困扰和肥胖之间存在显著关联。因此,父母经济压力与成年 HCC 之间的关联独立于成年逆境。研究结果强调了早期经济逆境作为一种可能的儿童期应激源,对整个生命过程都有影响。