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从废弃印刷电路板中回收关键金属的驱动因素与途径

Drivers and Pathways for the Recovery of Critical Metals from Waste-Printed Circuit Boards.

作者信息

Xia Dong, Lee Carmen, Charpentier Nicolas M, Deng Yuemin, Yan Qingyu, Gabriel Jean-Christophe P

机构信息

SCARCE Laboratory, Energy Research Institute @ NTU, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.

School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.

出版信息

Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Aug;11(30):e2309635. doi: 10.1002/advs.202309635. Epub 2024 Jun 5.

DOI:10.1002/advs.202309635
PMID:38837685
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11321694/
Abstract

The ever-increasing importance of critical metals (CMs) in modern society underscores their resource security and circularity. Waste-printed circuit boards (WPCBs) are particularly attractive reservoirs of CMs due to their gamut CM embedding and ubiquitous presence. However, the recovery of most CMs is out of reach from current metal-centric recycling industries, resulting in a flood loss of refined CMs. Here, 41 types of such spent CMs are identified. To deliver a higher level of CM sustainability, this work provides an insightful overview of paradigm-shifting pathways for CM recovery from WPCBs that have been developed in recent years. As a crucial starting entropy-decreasing step, various strategies of metal enrichment are compared, and the deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) and hyperspectral sensing is highlighted. Then, tailored metal recycling schemes are presented for the platinum group, rare earth, and refractory metals, with emphasis on greener metallurgical methods contributing to transforming CMs into marketable products. In addition, due to the vital nexus of CMs between the environment and energy sectors, the upcycling of CMs into electro-/photo-chemical catalysts for green fuel synthesis is proposed to extend the recycling chain. Finally, the challenges and outlook on this all-round upgrading of WPCB recycling are outlined.

摘要

关键金属（CMs）在现代社会中日益重要，凸显了其资源安全性和循环利用性。废弃印刷电路板（WPCBs）因其所含多种关键金属以及广泛存在，成为极具吸引力的关键金属储存源。然而，当前以金属为中心的回收行业难以回收大多数关键金属，导致大量精炼关键金属流失。在此，确定了41种此类废弃关键金属。为实现更高水平的关键金属可持续性，本文深入概述了近年来开发的从废弃印刷电路板中回收关键金属的范式转变途径。作为关键的起始熵减步骤，比较了各种金属富集策略，并强调了人工智能（AI）和高光谱传感的应用。然后，针对铂族金属、稀土金属和难熔金属提出了定制的金属回收方案，重点介绍有助于将关键金属转化为可销售产品的更绿色冶金方法。此外，鉴于关键金属在环境和能源领域的重要联系，建议将关键金属升级为用于绿色燃料合成的电/光化学催化剂，以延长回收链。最后，概述了废弃印刷电路板回收全面升级面临的挑战和前景。

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