Kalashnikova E P
Arkh Patol. 1985;47(1):3-11.
The information on placenta formation, development and structure in health and disease, as well as the role of the placenta as a unique organ which ensures the fetal growth and development during pregnancy is given on the basis of the literature and author's data. Attention is drawn to the formation of the compensatory-adaptive reactions as a complex dynamic process whose manifestations are considered on the subcellular, cellular and tissue levels. Connection between the morphological equivalents of the compensatory mechanisms and the process of maturation of placental barrier structural elements is shown. Determining the character of maturation disorders in combination with the placenta damage allows one to suggest, by means of clinico-anatomical analysis, a particular maternal pathology as the most probable cause of the unfavourable intrauterine conditions of the fetal development. A working classification of placental insufficiency resulting mainly from the disturbance of the compensatory-adaptive reactions is proposed.
本文基于文献和作者的数据，介绍了胎盘在健康与疾病状态下的形成、发育和结构信息，以及胎盘作为一个独特器官在孕期确保胎儿生长发育的作用。文中着重指出，代偿性适应反应的形成是一个复杂的动态过程，其表现在亚细胞、细胞和组织水平上进行了探讨。文中展示了代偿机制的形态学对应物与胎盘屏障结构成分成熟过程之间的联系。结合胎盘损伤确定成熟障碍的特征，有助于通过临床解剖分析推断出特定的母体病理状况，这很可能是胎儿发育宫内环境不利的最主要原因。本文提出了一个主要由代偿性适应反应紊乱导致的胎盘功能不全的实用分类方法。
