Ye Chao, Li Huan, Chen Yujie, Hao Junnan, Liu Jiahao, Shan Jieqiong, Qiao Shi-Zhang
School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, PR China.
Nat Commun. 2024 Jun 5;15(1):4797. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49164-6.
The exploration of post-Lithium (Li) metals, such as Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Aluminum (Al), and Zinc (Zn), for electrochemical energy storage has been driven by the limited availability of Li and the higher theoretical specific energies compared to the state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. Post-Li metal||S batteries have emerged as a promising system for practical applications. Yet, the insufficient understanding of quantitative cell parameters and the mechanisms of sulfur electrocatalytic conversion hinder the advancement of these battery technologies. This perspective offers a comprehensive analysis of electrode parameters, including S mass loading, S content, electrolyte/S ratio, and negative/positive electrode capacity ratio, in establishing the specific energy (Wh kg) of post-Li metal||S batteries. Additionally, we critically evaluate the progress in investigating electrochemical sulfur conversion via homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalytic approaches in both non-aqueous Na/K/Mg/Ca/Al||S and aqueous Zn||S batteries. Lastly, we provide a critical outlook on potential research directions for designing practical post-Li metal||S batteries.
由于锂的供应有限，且与最先进的锂离子电池相比具有更高的理论比能量，因此人们开始探索锂后金属，如钠（Na）、钾（K）、镁（Mg）、钙（Ca）、铝（Al）和锌（Zn），用于电化学储能。锂后金属||硫电池已成为一种有前途的实际应用体系。然而，对定量电池参数和硫电催化转化机制的认识不足阻碍了这些电池技术的发展。本文从建立锂后金属||硫电池的比能量（Wh/kg）的角度，对电极参数进行了全面分析，包括硫的质量负载、硫含量、电解质/硫比以及负/正极容量比。此外，我们还批判性地评估了在非水钠/钾/镁/钙/铝||硫和水相锌||硫电池中，通过均相和异相电催化方法研究电化学硫转化的进展。最后，我们对设计实用的锂后金属||硫电池的潜在研究方向给出了批判性展望。
