State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin' an, 311300, China.
Zhejiang Development & Planning Institute, Hangzhou, 310030, China.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Jul;363:121287. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121287. Epub 2024 Jun 5.
Despite concerted efforts in emission control, air pollution control remains challenging. Urban planning has emerged as a crucial strategy for mitigating PM pollution. What remains unclear is the impact of urban form and their interactions with seasonal changes. In this study, base on the air quality monitoring stations in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, the relationship between urban spatial indicators (building morphology and land use) and PM concentrations was investigated using full subset regression and variance partitioning analysis, and seasonal differences were further analysed. Our findings reveal that PM pollution exhibits different sensitivities to spatial scales, with higher sensitivity to the local microclimate formed by the three-dimensional structure of buildings at the local scale, while land use exerts greater influence at larger scales. Specifically, land use indicators contributed sustantially more to the PM prediction model as buffer zone expand (from an average of 2.41% at 100 m range to 47.30% at 5000 m range), whereas building morphology indicators display an inverse trend (from an average of 13.84% at 100 m range to 1.88% at 5000 m range). These results enderscore the importance of considering building morphology in local-scale urban planning, where the increasing building height can significantly enhance the disperion of PM pollution. Conversely, large-scale urban planning should prioritize the mixed use of green spaces and construction lands to mitigate PM pollution. Moreover, the significant seasonal differences in the ralationship between urban spatical indicatiors and PM pollution were observed. Particularly moteworthy is the heightened association between forest, water indicators and PM concentrations in summer, indicating the urban forests may facilitate the formation of volatile compunds, exacerbating the PM pollution. Our study provides a theoretical basis for addressing scale-related challenges in urban spatial planning, thereby forstering the sustainable development of cities.
尽管在排放控制方面做出了共同努力，但空气污染控制仍然具有挑战性。城市规划已成为缓解 PM 污染的关键策略。目前仍不清楚的是城市形态及其与季节变化相互作用的影响。在这项研究中，基于长三角城市群的空气质量监测站，使用全子集回归和方差分解分析研究了城市空间指标（建筑形态和土地利用）与 PM 浓度之间的关系，并进一步分析了季节性差异。我们的研究结果表明，PM 污染对空间尺度表现出不同的敏感性，在局部尺度上，对建筑物三维结构形成的局部微气候更为敏感，而土地利用在较大尺度上的影响更大。具体而言，土地利用指标在缓冲区扩展时（从 100 米范围内的平均 2.41%增加到 5000 米范围内的 47.30%）对 PM 预测模型的贡献显著增加，而建筑形态指标则呈现出相反的趋势（从 100 米范围内的平均 13.84%减少到 5000 米范围内的 1.88%）。这些结果强调了在局部尺度城市规划中考虑建筑形态的重要性，因为建筑高度的增加可以显著增强 PM 污染的扩散。相反，大规模城市规划应优先考虑绿地和建设用地的混合使用，以减轻 PM 污染。此外，还观察到城市空间指标与 PM 污染之间关系的显著季节性差异。特别是在夏季，森林、水域指标与 PM 浓度之间的相关性显著增强，这表明城市森林可能促进挥发性化合物的形成，从而加剧 PM 污染。我们的研究为解决城市空间规划中的尺度相关挑战提供了理论基础，从而促进城市的可持续发展。
