Idris Herwita, Mayura Eliza, Budiyanti Tri, Gustia Helfi, Ramadhan Anwar Ilmar
Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.
Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia.
Heliyon. 2024 Feb 25;10(5):e26822. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26822. eCollection 2024 Mar 15.
Until now, Indonesia is still a world exporter of essential oils, including citronella oil. So that the role of farming communities in the development of Indonesia's essential oil industry is very helpful. For this reason, a study was carried out on response of fertilization and harvest interval on the intensity of leaf spot diseases of citronella grass, and productivity in ultisols soil which was carried out from October 2020 to September 2022. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design in factorial with 9 treatments, as the first factor is 3 levels of an organic fertilizer (NPK); P1 = 25 g clumps , P2 = 37.5 g clumps and P3 = 50 g clumps . The second factor is the harvest interval with three levels which is 4 = harvest interval once every 4 months, 3 = harvest interval every 3 months and 2 = harvest interval once every 2 months, repeated three times. Each treatment plot consisted of 24 clumps with a plant spacing of 1 × 1 × 1 m. Varieties used is Serai wangi 1. Parameters observed were intensity of leaf spot diseases, vegetative growth, livestock production, oil production, quality analysis and R/C ratio. The results showed that there was an effect of fertilizer doses and harvest intervals on the development of leaf spot disease. It was seen that at the application of fertilizer doses of 37.5 g clumps with harvest intervals once every three months showed the lowest disease attacks, namely on sp and sp (5.98%, 5.42% and 7.98 %, 7.44 %). In addition, the development of vegetative growth is also influenced by the application of fertilizer doses and harvest intervals on the parameters of canopy width, plant height, leaf length, leaf width and number of tillers. The best fertilizer dose is 37.50 g clump successively (175.40 cm, 172.29 cm, 113.62 cm, 2.36 cm and 119.59 stems), with harvest intervals every 3 months (179.40 cm, 187.29 cm, 119.44 cm, 2.45 cm and 120.00 stems), as well as fresh leaves production tons/ha/year and oil production kg/ha/year the best is the application of fertilizer doses of 37.50 g clumps with harvest intervals once every 3 months (67.81 tons and 578.61 kg,with, 67.40 tons and 517.60 kg). For oil quality, numerically, the application of fertilizer at a dose of 37.50 g of clump with harvest intervals every 3 months is still high. The proper R/C ratio for farming occurs in the 2 nd year by administering a fertilizer dose of 37.50 g clump and harvesting intervals once every 3 months with an increase of 116.67%. So, the citronella grass variety Serai wangi 1 can be developed on ultisol soil types by applying an organic fertilizer (NPK).
到目前为止，印度尼西亚仍是包括香茅油在内的精油世界出口国。因此，农业社区在印度尼西亚精油产业发展中的作用非常有帮助。出于这个原因，于2020年10月至2022年9月在老成土上开展了施肥和收获间隔对香茅草叶斑病发病强度及生产力影响的研究。试验采用析因随机区组设计，有9种处理，第一个因素是3个有机肥（氮磷钾）水平；P1 = 25克/丛，P2 = 37.5克/丛，P3 = 50克/丛。第二个因素是收获间隔，有3个水平，即4 = 每4个月收获一次，3 = 每3个月收获一次，2 = 每2个月收获一次，重复3次。每个处理小区由24丛组成，株行距为1×1×1米。使用的品种是香王1号。观察的参数有叶斑病发病强度、营养生长、鲜草产量、产油量、品质分析和产投比。结果表明，施肥量和收获间隔对叶斑病的发生有影响。可以看出，施肥量为37.5克/丛且每三个月收获一次时病害发生率最低，即对sp和sp而言（分别为5.98%、5.42%和7.98%、7.44%）。此外，施肥量和收获间隔对冠幅、株高、叶长、叶宽和分蘖数等参数的营养生长发育也有影响。最佳施肥量依次为37.50克/丛（冠幅175.40厘米、株高172.29厘米、叶长113.62厘米、叶宽2.36厘米、分蘖数119.58个），收获间隔为每3个月一次（冠幅179.40厘米、株高187.29厘米、叶长119.44厘米、叶宽2.45厘米、分蘖数120.00个），以及鲜叶产量吨/公顷/年和产油量千克/公顷/年方面，最佳的是施肥量为37.50克/丛且每3个月收获一次（分别为67.81吨和578.61千克、67.40吨和517.60千克）。在油品质方面，从数值上看，施肥量为37.50克/丛且每3个月收获一次时仍较高。农业生产的合适产投比出现在第2年，施肥量为37.50克/丛且每3个月收获一次，增幅为116.67%。所以，通过施用有机肥（氮磷钾），香王1号香茅草品种可在老成土类型土壤上种植。
