Recent advances in dynamic reconstruction of electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction.

Electrocatalysts undergo structural evolution under operating electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) conditions. This dynamic reconstruction correlates with variations in CORR activity, selectivity, and stability, posing challenges in catalyst design for electrochemical CORR. Despite increased research on the reconstruction behavior of CORR electrocatalysts, a comprehensive understanding of their dynamic structural evolution under reaction conditions is lacking. This review summarizes recent developments in the dynamic reconstruction of catalysts during the CORR process, covering fundamental principles, modulation strategies, and /operando characterizations. It aims to enhance understanding of electrocatalyst dynamic reconstruction, offering guidelines for the rational design of CORR electrocatalysts.