College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China.
PLoS One. 2024 Jun 7;19(6):e0303746. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303746. eCollection 2024.
Traditional villages are the common historical and cultural heritage of all mankind. With the intensification of urbanization, the continuation of traditional villages and the inheritance of historical and cultural heritage are facing risks. The research on the driving factors affecting the spatial distribution characteristics, heterogeneity and human land interaction of traditional villages provides a new idea for the protection of traditional villages. This study takes 137 traditional villages in Puxian area, a typical cultural area in the southeast coast, as the research object, analyzes the spatial distribution pattern of traditional villages by using spatial analysis method, and selects 13 factors to analyze the main driving forces and interaction mechanisms through geographical detectors. The results show that: (1) Puxian traditional villages are clustered and distributed, and the distribution among counties is uneven, mainly in the state of "one cluster and many scattered points" with more coastal areas and less mountainous areas. (2) Puxian traditional villages are mainly affected by many factors such as nature, space, society and culture. They are more densely distributed in areas with rich cultural heritage, fertile land, flat terrain, suitable climate, close to water systems, developed transportation, backward economy and dense population. (3) Cultural factors are the primary factors affecting the spatial distribution of traditional villages, the order of driving factors' explanatory power is: intangible cultural heritage (0.5160) > protected cultural relic units (0.3591) > distance from railway (0.3255) > night light remote sensing (0.3179) > elevation (0.3012) > population density (0.2671) > slope (0.2032) > soil type (0.1804) > precipitation (0.1750) > temperature (0.1744) > land use (0.1492) > distance from river (0.0691)>distance from highway (0.0530). The interaction of intangible cultural heritage, protected cultural relic units and distance from the railway is the dominant factor for the spatial differentiation of traditional villages. Among them, the interaction of intangible cultural heritage∩distance from the railway is the strongest, and the q-value is 0.79, which proves that the interpretation ability of the two factor model is much higher than that of the single factor model. The results of this study reflect that traditional villages and nature, space, society and culture are interdependent, so the protection of traditional villages should be adapted to local conditions.
传统村落是全人类共同的历史文化遗产。随着城市化的加剧，传统村落的延续和历史文化遗产的传承面临着风险。研究影响传统村落空间分布特征、异质性和人类土地相互作用的驱动因素，为传统村落的保护提供了新的思路。本研究以东南沿海典型文化区浦贤地区的 137 个传统村落为研究对象，运用空间分析方法分析传统村落的空间分布格局，选取 13 个因素，通过地理探测器分析其主要驱动力和相互作用机制。结果表明：（1）浦贤传统村落呈集聚分布，各县分布不均，主要呈“一聚多散”状态，沿海多，山区少。（2）浦贤传统村落主要受自然、空间、社会和文化等多种因素的影响，在文化遗产丰富、土地肥沃、地势平坦、气候适宜、靠近水系、交通发达、经济落后、人口密集的地区分布更为密集。（3）文化因素是影响传统村落空间分布的首要因素，驱动因素解释力的顺序为：无形文化遗产（0.5160）＞保护文物单位（0.3591）＞距铁路距离（0.3255）＞夜光遥感（0.3179）＞海拔（0.3012）＞人口密度（0.2671）＞坡度（0.2032）＞土壤类型（0.1804）＞降水量（0.1750）＞温度（0.1744）＞土地利用（0.1492）＞距河流距离（0.0691）＞距公路距离（0.0530）。无形文化遗产、保护文物单位和铁路距离的相互作用是传统村落空间分异的主导因素。其中，无形文化遗产∩铁路距离的相互作用最强，q 值为 0.79，证明了双因素模型的解释能力远高于单因素模型。本研究结果反映了传统村落与自然、空间、社会和文化相互依存，因此传统村落的保护应因地制宜。
