School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China.
PLoS One. 2024 May 21;19(5):e0303396. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303396. eCollection 2024.
Currently, research on traditional villages mainly focuses on the current development status and evolutionary trends in specific regions, with relatively limited studies from a macroscopic and holistic perspective on the spatiotemporal evolution of traditional villages. Therefore, this study selects traditional villages in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) as the research object. By analyzing the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and driving factors of traditional villages (TVs) in the basin, it aims to further promote high-quality development in the YRB and protect traditional cultural resources. Based on data from 892 village points of the first to sixth batches of TVs in the YRB, ArcGIS 10.8 spatial analysis techniques were employed to analyze the overall spatial pattern of TVs in the YRB. The results indicate: (1) In the basin, TVs are more numerous in the east than the west and more in the south than the north, forming clusters and contiguous distributions, with dense areas primarily in the upstream regions dominated by Qinghai Province and the midstream areas along the Shanxi-Shaanxi coast. (2) The number and scale of TVs in the basin generally exhibit an increasing trend, with imbalanced provincial distribution. More recent years show a more balanced distribution of villages and proportions, with a higher number of villages in the mountainous and plateau regions of the basin. (3) The layout center of TVs within the basin evolves with each batch, showing a migration pattern from north to south, back to north, and finally east to west. (4) The interaction of natural and social factors plays a synergistic role in driving the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of TVs. Among these, natural geographical factors are the primary factors. TVs are more commonly found in regions with low altitude sunny slopes, mild climate, abundant precipitation, proximity to ancient roads and rivers, gentle slopes, and soil predominantly comprising loess, brown earth, and alluvial soils. The cultural environment is a secondary factor, with TVs often located in areas with larger populations, developed economies, and rich cultural heritage.
目前，传统村落的研究主要集中在特定区域的现状发展和演变趋势上，从宏观和整体的角度对传统村落的时空演变研究相对较少。因此，本研究选择黄河流域（YRB）的传统村落作为研究对象。通过分析流域内传统村落的时空分布特征和驱动因素，旨在进一步促进黄河流域的高质量发展，保护传统的文化资源。基于黄河流域一至六批传统村落 892 个村点的数据，利用 ArcGIS 10.8 空间分析技术，分析了黄河流域传统村落的整体空间格局。结果表明：（1）黄河流域东部传统村落多于西部，南部多于北部，呈集聚分布，密集区主要集中在以青海省为主的上游地区和沿山西-陕西海岸的中游地区。（2）流域内传统村落的数量和规模总体呈增长趋势，分布不均。近几年，村落数量和比例分布更加均衡，流域内山区和高原地区的村落数量较多。（3）流域内传统村落的布局中心随批次而变化，呈现从北到南、再到北、最后到西的迁移模式。（4）自然和社会因素的相互作用对传统村落的时空分布模式起着协同作用。在这些因素中，自然地理因素是主要因素。传统村落更常见于海拔较低、阳光充足的山坡、气候温和、降水丰富、靠近古道和河流、坡度较缓、土壤主要为黄土、褐土和冲积土的地区。文化环境是次要因素，传统村落通常位于人口较多、经济发达、文化遗产丰富的地区。
