Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Women's Health, Tübingen, Germany.
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.
Ultraschall Med. 2024 Oct;45(5):450-474. doi: 10.1055/a-2318-5464. Epub 2024 Jun 7.
Until now, ultrasound examination of the fetal eyes has not played an important role in prenatal diagnosis. National and international guidelines are generally confined to documentation of the presence of the orbits and the lenses. However, in recent years, with the advent of high-resolution ultrasound technology and increasing knowledge of prenatal medicine and genetics, careful examination of the fetal eye has enabled the detection of many ocular malformations before birth. This article provides an overview of the anatomy related to the development of the fetal eye and covers the following conditions: hypertelorism, hypotelorism, exophthalmos, microphthalmos, coloboma, cataract, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, retinal detachment, dacryocystocele, and septooptic dysplasia, etc. It is designed to illustrate the spectrum of ocular malformations and their appearance on prenatal ultrasound and to discuss their clinical impact and association with various syndromes.
迄今为止，胎儿眼部的超声检查在产前诊断中并未发挥重要作用。国内外的指南通常仅限于记录眼眶和晶状体的存在。然而，近年来，随着高分辨率超声技术的出现以及产前医学和遗传学知识的不断增加，对胎儿眼部的仔细检查使得许多眼畸形能够在出生前被发现。本文概述了与胎儿眼部发育相关的解剖结构，并涵盖了以下情况：眼球突出、眼球内陷、眼球突出、小眼球、视网膜裂孔、白内障、永存原始玻璃体增生症、视网膜脱离、泪囊囊肿和视隔发育不良等。本文旨在说明眼部畸形的范围及其在产前超声中的表现，并讨论其临床影响及其与各种综合征的关系。
