Resource Institute for Chinese and Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.
State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
BMC Microbiol. 2024 Jun 8;24(1):204. doi: 10.1186/s12866-024-03330-4.
The Gastrodia elata Bl. is an orchid, and its growth demands the presence of Armillaria species. The strong competitiveness of Armillaria species has always been a concern of major threat to other soil organisms, thus disrupting the equilibrium of soil biodiversity. Introducing other species to where G. elata was cultivated, could possibly alleviate the problems associated with the disequilibrium of soil microenvironment; however, their impacts on the soil microbial communities and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To reveal the changes of microbial groups associated with soil chemical properties responding to different cultivation species, the chemical property measurements coupled with the next-generation pyrosequencing analyses were applied with soil samples collected from fallow land, cultivation of G. elata and Phallus impudicus, respectively.
The cultivation of G. elata induced significant increases (p < 0.05) in soil pH and NO-N content compared with fallow land, whereas subsequent cultivation of P. impudicus reversed these G. elata-induced increases and was also found to significantly increase (p < 0.05) the content of soil NH-N and AP. The alpha diversities of soil microbial communities were significantly increased (p < 0.01) by cultivation of G. elata and P. impudicus as indicated with Chao1 estimator and Shannon index. The structure and composition of soil microbial communities differed responding to different cultivation species. In particular, the relative abundances of Bacillus, norank_o_Gaiellales, Mortierella and unclassified_k_Fungi were significantly increased (p < 0.05), while the abundances of potentially beneficial genera such as Acidibacter, Acidothermus, Cryptococcus, and Penicillium etc., were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) by cultivation of G. elata. It's interesting to find that cultivation of P. impudicus increased the abundances of these genera that G. elata decreased before, which contributed to the difference of composition and structure. The results of CCA and heatmap indicated that the changes of soil microbial communities had strong correlations with soil nutrients. Specifically, among 28 genera presented, 50% and 42.9% demonstrated significant correlations with soil pH and NO-N in response to cultivation of G. elata and P. impudicus.
Our findings suggested that the cultivation of P. impudicus might have potential benefits as result of affecting soil microorganisms coupled with changes in soil nutrient profile.
天麻是一种兰科植物，其生长需要蜜环菌属物种的存在。蜜环菌属物种的强竞争力一直是对其他土壤生物主要威胁之一，从而破坏了土壤生物多样性的平衡。引入其他物种到天麻种植的地方，可能会缓解与土壤微环境失衡相关的问题;然而，它们对土壤微生物群落的影响及其潜在机制尚不清楚。为了揭示与不同栽培物种相关的土壤化学性质变化的微生物群的变化，应用化学性质测量与下一代焦磷酸测序分析，分别采集休耕地、天麻栽培和猪苓栽培土壤样本。
与休耕地相比，天麻的栽培显著增加了土壤 pH 值和硝态氮含量（p < 0.05），而随后猪苓的栽培则逆转了天麻诱导的这些增加，并显著增加了土壤氨氮和有效磷的含量（p < 0.05）。天麻和猪苓的栽培显著增加了土壤微生物群落的α多样性（p < 0.01），如 Chao1 估计值和 Shannon 指数所示。土壤微生物群落的结构和组成因不同的栽培物种而不同。特别是，芽孢杆菌、未分类的_o_Gaiellales、白僵菌和未分类的_k_Fungi 的相对丰度显著增加（p < 0.05），而潜在有益属的丰度如嗜酸菌、嗜酸热菌、隐球菌和青霉菌等则显著减少（p < 0.05）由天麻栽培。有趣的是，发现猪苓的栽培增加了天麻减少的这些属的丰度，这导致了组成和结构的差异。CCA 和热图的结果表明，土壤微生物群落的变化与土壤养分有很强的相关性。具体来说，在所呈现的 28 个属中，有 50%和 42.9%的属与天麻和猪苓栽培的土壤 pH 值和硝态氮呈显著相关。
我们的研究结果表明，猪苓的栽培可能具有潜在的好处，因为它会影响土壤微生物，并伴随着土壤养分状况的变化。
