The Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory (OCRL), Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran.
Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 8;14(1):13183. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-63771-9.
Excessive Cu intake can cause neurological disorders (e.g. Wilson's disease) and adversely affect the gastrointestinal, liver, and kidney organs. The presence of Cu is strongly linked to the emergence and progression of Wilson's disease (WD), and accurately measuring the amount of copper is a crucial step in diagnosing WD at an early stage in a clinical setting. In this work, CQDs were fabricated through a facile technique as a novel fluorescence-based sensing platform for detecting Cu(II) in aqueous solutions, and in the serum samples of healthy and affected individuals by WD. The CQDs interact with Cu(II) ions to produce Turn-on and Turn-off states at nano-molar and micro-molar levels, respectively, with LODs of 0.001 µM and 1 µM. In fact, the Cu ions can act like a bridge between two CQDs by which the charge and electron transfer between the CQDs may increase, possibly can have significant effects on the spectroscopic features of the CQDs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported research that can detect Cu(II) at low levels using two different complexation states, with promising results in testing serum. The potential of the sensor to detect Cu(II) was tested on serum samples from healthy and affected individuals by WD, and compared to results obtained by ICP-OES. Astonishingly, the results showed an excellent correlation between the measured Cu(II) levels using the proposed technique and ICP-OES, indicating the high potential of the fluorimetric CQD-based probe for Cu(II) detection. The accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, high precision, accuracy, and applicability of the probe toward Cu(II) ions make it a potential diagnostic tool for Wilson's disease in a clinical setting.
过量的铜摄入会导致神经紊乱（如威尔逊氏病），并对胃肠道、肝脏和肾脏器官造成不良影响。铜的存在与威尔逊氏病（WD）的发生和发展密切相关，准确测量铜的含量是在临床环境中早期诊断 WD 的关键步骤。在这项工作中，通过一种简单的技术制备了 CQDs，作为一种新颖的荧光传感平台，用于检测水溶液和 WD 患者血清样本中的 Cu(II)。CQDs 与 Cu(II)离子相互作用，分别在纳摩尔和微摩尔水平上产生开启和关闭状态，LOD 分别为 0.001 µM 和 1 µM。事实上，Cu 离子可以像两个 CQDs 之间的桥梁一样作用，通过这种桥梁，CQDs 之间的电荷和电子转移可能会增加，这可能会对 CQDs 的光谱特征产生重大影响。据我们所知，这是首次报道使用两种不同的络合状态在低水平下检测 Cu(II)的研究，在血清检测中取得了有前景的结果。该传感器在 WD 患者和健康个体的血清样本中对 Cu(II)的检测能力进行了测试，并与 ICP-OES 的结果进行了比较。令人惊讶的是，使用所提出的技术测量的 Cu(II)水平与 ICP-OES 之间显示出极好的相关性，表明基于荧光 CQD 的探针对 Cu(II)检测具有很高的潜力。该探针对 Cu(II)离子的准确性、灵敏度、选择性、高精度、准确性和适用性使其成为临床环境中威尔逊氏病的潜在诊断工具。
