同等重视：基于34个国家的事实，为精神疾病患者制定的全球新冠疫苗接种方法；建议与解决方案
Parity of esteem: A global COVID-19 vaccination approach for people with mental illnesses, based on facts from 34 countries; recommendations and solutions.
作者信息
Shoib Sheikh, Saeed Fahimeh, Philip Sharad, Chandradasa Miyuru, Das Soumitra, de Filippis Renato, Yousaf Zohaib, Ojeahere Margaret, Gad Hasnaa K, Yadivel Ramyadarshni, Legris Zahra, Jatchavala Chonnakarn, Paul Ravi, Gupta Anoop K, Handuleh Jibril I M, Gürcan Ahmet, da Costa Mariana Pinto, Dannatt Lisa, Ahmad Araz R, Jaguga Florence, Saleem Sheikh M, Sawitri Brihastami, Arif Nigar, Islam Md Saiful, Haque Md Ariful, Őri Dorottya, Chumakov Egor, Swed Sarya, Roza Thiago H, Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
机构信息
Department of Health Services, Srinagar, India.
Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
出版信息
Ind Psychiatry J. 2024 Jan-Jun;33(1):30-40. doi: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_54_22. Epub 2023 Dec 14.
BACKGROUND
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has detrimental effects on physical and mental health. Patients with severe mental illness are at higher risk of contracting the virus due to social determinants of health. Vulnerable populations include the elderly, people with pre-existing conditions, and those exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Unfortunately, only a few countries have updated vaccination strategies to prioritize patients with mental illnesses. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether individuals with mental disorders are prioritized in vaccine allocation strategies in different world regions. They are often neglected in policymaking but are highly vulnerable to the threatening complications of COVID-19.
METHODS
A questionnaire was developed to record details regarding COVID-19 vaccination and prioritizations for groups of persons with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), mental disorders, and substance use disorders (SUDs). were defined according to the WHO as chronic diseases that are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases, and diabetes.
RESULTS
Most countries surveyed (80%) reported healthcare delivery via a nationalized health service. It was found that 82% of the countries had set up advisory groups, but only 26% included a mental health professional. Most frequently, malignancy (68%) was prioritized followed by diabetes type 2 (62%) and type 1 (59%). Only nine countries (26%) prioritized mental health conditions.
CONCLUSION
The spread of the coronavirus has exposed both the strengths and flaws of our healthcare systems. The most vulnerable groups suffered the most and were hit first and faced most challenges. These findings raise awareness that patients with mental illnesses have been overlooked in immunization campaigns. The range of their mortality, morbidity, and quality of life could have widened due to this delay.
背景
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行对身心健康产生了不利影响。由于健康的社会决定因素，患有严重精神疾病的患者感染该病毒的风险更高。弱势群体包括老年人、患有既往疾病的人以及接触过SARS-CoV-2的人。不幸的是，只有少数国家更新了疫苗接种策略，将精神疾病患者列为优先接种对象。因此，我们旨在探讨在不同世界区域的疫苗分配策略中，精神障碍患者是否被列为优先对象。他们在决策过程中常常被忽视，但极易受到COVID-19威胁性并发症的影响。
方法
设计了一份问卷，以记录有关COVID-19疫苗接种以及非传染性疾病（NCD）、精神障碍和物质使用障碍（SUD）患者群体优先顺序的详细信息。根据世界卫生组织的定义，非传染性疾病是由遗传、生理、环境和行为因素共同作用导致的慢性疾病，如心血管疾病、癌症、呼吸系统疾病和糖尿病。
结果
大多数接受调查的国家（80%）报告通过国有化医疗服务体系提供医疗服务。发现82%的国家设立了咨询小组，但只有26%的小组中有精神卫生专业人员。最常被列为优先接种对象的是恶性肿瘤（68%），其次是2型糖尿病（62%）和1型糖尿病（59%）。只有9个国家（26%）将精神健康状况列为优先对象。
结论
冠状病毒的传播暴露了我们医疗体系的优势和缺陷。最弱势群体遭受的痛苦最大，最先受到冲击，面临的挑战也最多。这些发现提高了人们的认识，即精神疾病患者在免疫接种活动中被忽视了。由于这一延误，他们的死亡率、发病率和生活质量范围可能已经扩大。
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