Chen Lin, Yu Chang, Dong Junting, Han Yingnan, Huang Hongling, Li Wenbin, Zhang Yafang, Tan Xinyi, Qiu Jieshan
State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
State Key Lab of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2024 Jul 15;53(14):7455-7488. doi: 10.1039/d3cs00822c.
Seawater electrolysis for the production of fuels and chemicals involved in onshore and offshore plants powered by renewable energies offers a promising avenue and unique advantages for energy and environmental sustainability. Nevertheless, seawater electrolysis presents long-term challenges and issues, such as complex composition, potential side reactions, deposition of and poisoning by microorganisms and metal ions, as well as corrosion, thus hindering the rapid development of seawater electrolysis technology. This review focuses on the production of value-added fuels (hydrogen and beyond) and fine chemicals through seawater electrolysis, as a promising step towards sustainable energy development and carbon neutrality. The principle of seawater electrolysis and related challenges are first introduced, and the redox reaction mechanisms of fuels and chemicals are summarized. Strategies for operating anodes and cathodes including the development and application of chloride- and impurity-resistant electrocatalysts/membranes are reviewed. We comprehensively summarize the production of fuels and chemicals (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, sulfur, ammonia, ) at the cathode and anode seawater electrolysis, and propose other potential strategies for co-producing fine chemicals, even sophisticated and electronic chemicals. Seawater electrolysis can drive the oxidation and upgrading of industrial pollutants or natural organics into value-added chemicals or degrade them into harmless substances, which would be meaningful for environmental protection. Finally, the perspective and prospects are outlined to address the challenges and expand the application of seawater electrolysis.
通过可再生能源驱动的陆上和海上工厂进行海水电解来生产燃料和化学品，为能源和环境可持续性提供了一条充满希望的途径和独特优势。然而，海水电解存在长期挑战和问题，如成分复杂、潜在的副反应、微生物和金属离子的沉积与中毒以及腐蚀等，从而阻碍了海水电解技术的快速发展。本综述聚焦于通过海水电解生产增值燃料（氢气及其他）和精细化学品，这是迈向可持续能源发展和碳中和的有希望的一步。首先介绍了海水电解的原理及相关挑战，并总结了燃料和化学品的氧化还原反应机制。综述了包括耐氯和耐杂质电催化剂/膜的开发与应用在内的阳极和阴极操作策略。我们全面总结了在海水电解的阴极和阳极生产燃料和化学品（氢气、一氧化碳、硫、氨等）的情况，并提出了联产精细化学品甚至复杂和电子化学品的其他潜在策略。海水电解可推动工业污染物或天然有机物的氧化和升级为增值化学品，或将它们降解为无害物质，这对环境保护具有重要意义。最后，概述了解决挑战和扩大海水电解应用的观点与前景。
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