College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Famous Prescription and Science of Formulas, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Microsc Res Tech. 2024 Oct;87(10):2487-2503. doi: 10.1002/jemt.24622. Epub 2024 Jun 10.
Rosa laxa Retz. is an unexplored Rosaceae plant in Xinjiang, China, and its flower is traditionally used in Kazak to treat the common cold, fever, and epileptic seizures and lessen the effects of aging. In the present study, the pharmacognostic profiles, physicochemical properties, phytochemical characteristics, and in vitro antioxidant potency of Rosa laxa Retz. flos (RLF) were presented. In the pharmacognostic evaluation of RLF, organoleptic characteristics, internal structures, and powder information were observed, and physicochemical parameters, including moisture content, ash, pH value, swelling degree, and extractives were examined. The quantitative analysis of the chemical composition of four different polar extracts of RLF showed that the aqueous part had the highest total triterpene acid, flavonoid, and polyphenol content (4.50 ± 0.04 mg/g, 50.56 ± 0.03 mg/g, and 60.20 ± 0.09 mg/g, respectively). A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detector (DAD) method was established and the contents of gallic acid, ellagic acid, astragalin, and tiliroside in RLF were determined simultaneously. In the set concentration range, the linear relationship among the four components was good (r > 0.999), the average recoveries were 97.36%-100.54%. The contents of gallic acid, ellagic acid, astragalin, and tiliroside in RLF samples were (9.46 ± 2.31) mg/g, (10.60 ±0.75) mg/g, (1.13 ± 2.50) mg/g, and (1.11 ± 2.65) mg/g, respectively. The types of its secondary metabolites were determined by fluorescence, color reaction by chemical solvent method, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The functional groups of its secondary metabolites were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results showed that RLF contains a variety of secondary metabolic products, including flavonoids, phenolic acid, glycoside, and organic acid. TLC identification showed it contains ursolic acid, β-sitosterol, tiliroside, astragalin, isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. The in vitro antioxidant activity of different polar parts of RLF was investigated by DPPH, ABTS, and reduction performance experiments. The aqueous extract had the strongest antioxidant capacity, consistent with the high content of triterpene acids, flavonoids, and polyphenolic compounds. These findings will provide critical information for the study of quality standards and medicinal value of RLF and its extracts, justify its usage in traditional medicinal systems, and encourage the use of this plant in disease prevention and treatment. Its phytochemical composition and pharmacological studies need to be explored in future. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe the morphology, and microstructure of Rosa laxa Retz. flos (RLF). The physicochemical properties, fluorescence and phytochemical composition of four different polar extracts of RLF were analyzed by UV-Vis and FTIR. Determination of total triterpenic acid, total flavonoids, and total polyphenols in four different polar extracts of RLF by UV spectrophotometry. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detector (DAD) method was established and the contents of gallic acid, ellagic acid, astragalin, and tiliroside in RLF were determined simultaneously. TLC confirmed that RLF contains ursolic acid, β-sitosterol, tiliroside, astragalin, isoquercitrin, kaempferol 3-rutinoside, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. The in vitro antioxidant activity of RLF was studied by DPPH, ABTS, and reducing ability experiments.
松弛蔷薇（Rosa laxa Retz.）是中国新疆一种尚未被开发的蔷薇科植物，其花朵在哈萨克族传统医学中被用于治疗感冒、发热和癫痫，并能减缓衰老的影响。本研究介绍了松弛蔷薇（RLF）的生药学特征、理化性质、植物化学特征和体外抗氧化活性。在松弛蔷薇的生药学评价中，观察了其感官特征、内部结构和粉末信息，并检查了包括水分含量、灰分、pH 值、膨胀度和浸出物在内的理化参数。四种不同极性提取物中化学成分的定量分析表明，水提部分总三萜酸、黄酮和多酚含量最高（分别为 4.50 ± 0.04mg/g、50.56 ± 0.03mg/g 和 60.20 ± 0.09mg/g）。建立了高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器（HPLC-DAD）法，同时测定了 RLF 中没食子酸、鞣花酸、毛蕊花糖苷和山柰酚苷的含量。在设定的浓度范围内，四个成分之间具有良好的线性关系（r＞0.999），平均回收率为 97.36%-100.54%。RLF 样品中没食子酸、鞣花酸、毛蕊花糖苷和山柰酚苷的含量分别为（9.46 ± 2.31）mg/g、（10.60 ± 0.75）mg/g、（1.13 ± 2.50）mg/g 和（1.11 ± 2.65）mg/g。通过荧光、化学溶剂法显色反应和紫外-可见光谱（UV-Vis）确定其次生代谢产物的类型。通过傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱确定其次生代谢产物的官能团。结果表明，RLF 含有多种次生代谢产物，包括黄酮类、酚酸类、糖苷类和有机酸类。TLC 鉴定表明，它含有熊果酸、β-谷甾醇、山柰酚苷、毛蕊花糖苷、异槲皮苷、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、没食子酸和鞣花酸。通过 DPPH、ABTS 和还原能力实验研究了 RLF 不同极性部位的体外抗氧化活性。水提部分具有最强的抗氧化能力，这与三萜酸、黄酮和多酚类化合物含量较高一致。这些发现将为 RLF 及其提取物的质量标准和药用价值研究提供重要信息，证明其在传统医学系统中的应用，并鼓励将其用于疾病预防和治疗。其植物化学成分和药理研究有待在未来进一步探索。研究亮点：使用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察松弛蔷薇（RLF）的形态和微观结构。通过 UV-Vis 和 FTIR 分析了 RLF 四种不同极性提取物的理化性质、荧光和植物化学成分。通过紫外分光光度法测定四种不同极性提取物中总三萜酸、总黄酮和总多酚的含量。建立了高效液相色谱（HPLC）-二极管阵列检测器（DAD）法，同时测定了 RLF 中没食子酸、鞣花酸、毛蕊花糖苷和山柰酚苷的含量。TLC 证实 RLF 含有熊果酸、β-谷甾醇、山柰酚苷、毛蕊花糖苷、异槲皮苷、山柰酚 3-O-芸香糖苷、没食子酸和鞣花酸。通过 DPPH、ABTS 和还原能力实验研究了 RLF 的体外抗氧化活性。
