Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Laboratory for Nutritional Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; email:
Annu Rev Genet. 2024 Nov;58(1):19-41. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102042. Epub 2024 Nov 14.
Life activities are supported by the intricate metabolic network that is fueled by nutrients. Nutritional and genetic studies in model organisms have determined that dietary restriction and certain mutations in the insulin signaling pathway lead to lifespan extension. Subsequently, the detailed mechanisms of aging as well as various nutrient signaling pathways and their relationships have been investigated in a wide range of organisms, from yeast to mammals. This review summarizes the roles of nutritional and metabolic signaling in aging and lifespan with a focus on amino acids, the building blocks of organisms. We discuss how lifespan is affected by the sensing, transduction, and metabolism of specific amino acids and consider the influences of life stage, sex, and genetic background on the nutritional control of aging. Our goal is to enhance our understanding of how nutrients affect aging and thus contribute to the biology of aging and lifespan.
生命活动由营养物质驱动的复杂代谢网络所支撑。营养和遗传研究在模式生物中已经确定，饮食限制和胰岛素信号通路中的某些突变会导致寿命延长。随后，从酵母到哺乳动物等广泛的生物体中，研究人员调查了衰老的详细机制以及各种营养信号通路及其关系。本综述总结了营养和代谢信号在衰老和寿命中的作用，重点是氨基酸，即生物体的构建块。我们讨论了特定氨基酸的感知、转导和代谢如何影响寿命，并考虑了生命阶段、性别和遗传背景对衰老营养控制的影响。我们的目标是增强对营养素如何影响衰老的理解，从而为衰老生物学和寿命做出贡献。
