Grapevine Pathogen Systems lab, BioISI, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2024 Aug;213:108799. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108799. Epub 2024 Jun 5.
The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture remains a matter of major concern, prompting a critical need for alternative and sustainable practices. To address this, the use of lipid-derived molecules as elicitors to induce defence responses in grapevine plants was accessed. A Plasmopara viticola fatty acid (FA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) naturally present in oomycetes, but absent in plants, was applied by foliar spraying to the leaves of the susceptible grapevine cultivar (Vitis vinifera cv. Trincadeira), while a host lipid derived phytohormone, jasmonic acid (JA) was used as a molecule known to trigger host defence. Their potential as defence triggers was assessed by analysing the expression of a set of genes related to grapevine defence and evaluating the FA modulation upon elicitation. JA prompted grapevine immunity, altering lipid metabolism and up-regulating the expression of several defence genes. EPA also induced a myriad of responses to the levels typically observed in tolerant plants. Its application activated the transcription of defence gene's regulators, pathogen-related genes and genes involved in phytoalexins biosynthesis. Moreover, EPA application resulted in the alteration of the leaf FA profile, likely by impacting biosynthetic, unsaturation and turnover processes. Although both molecules were able to trigger grapevine defence mechanisms, EPA induced a more robust and prolonged response. This finding establishes EPA as a promising elicitor for an effectively managing grapevine downy mildew diseases.
农业中广泛使用农药仍然是一个主要关注点，因此迫切需要替代和可持续的做法。为了解决这个问题，人们利用脂质衍生分子作为诱导子来诱导葡萄植物的防御反应。一种天然存在于卵菌中的拟南芥脂肪酸（EPA），二十碳五烯酸，被叶面喷施到易感葡萄品种（Vitis vinifera cv. Trincadeira）的叶片上，而一种源自宿主的脂质植物激素，茉莉酸（JA）被用作已知触发宿主防御的分子。通过分析与葡萄防御相关的一组基因的表达，并评估诱导时 FA 的调制，评估了它们作为防御触发剂的潜力。JA 促使葡萄藤产生免疫力，改变脂质代谢并上调几种防御基因的表达。EPA 还引发了一系列反应，其水平与耐受植物中通常观察到的水平相当。它的应用激活了防御基因调节剂、与病原体相关的基因和参与植保素生物合成的基因的转录。此外，EPA 的应用导致叶片 FA 谱的改变，可能通过影响生物合成、不饱和和周转过程。尽管这两种分子都能够触发葡萄防御机制，但 EPA 诱导了更强烈和持久的反应。这一发现确立了 EPA 作为一种有前途的诱导子，可有效管理葡萄霜霉病。
