Anbuselvam Bhavadharani, Gunasekaran Balu Mahendran, Srinivasan Soorya, Ezhilan Madeshwari, Rajagopal Venkatachalam, Nesakumar Noel
School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CENTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
Clin Chim Acta. 2024 Jul 15;561:119766. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119766. Epub 2024 Jun 8.
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in wearable biosensors, emphasizing their applications in cardiovascular disease monitoring. Initially, the key sensing signals and biomarkers crucial for cardiovascular health, such as electrocardiogram, phonocardiography, pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, and specific biomarkers, are highlighted. Following this, advanced sensing techniques for cardiovascular disease monitoring are examined, including wearable electrophysiology devices, optical fibers, electrochemical sensors, and implantable cardiac devices. The review also delves into hydrogel-based wearable electrochemical biosensors, which detect biomarkers in sweat, interstitial fluids, saliva, and tears. Further attention is given to flexible electronics-based biosensors, including resistive, capacitive, and piezoelectric force sensors, as well as resistive and pyroelectric temperature sensors, flexible biochemical sensors, and sensor arrays. Moreover, the discussion extends to polymer-based wearable sensors, focusing on innovations in contact lens, textile-type, patch-type, and tattoo-type sensors. Finally, the review addresses the challenges associated with recent wearable biosensing technologies and explores future perspectives, highlighting potential groundbreaking avenues for transforming wearable sensing devices into advanced diagnostic tools with multifunctional capabilities for cardiovascular disease monitoring and other healthcare applications.
本综述全面概述了可穿戴生物传感器的最新进展，重点介绍了它们在心血管疾病监测中的应用。首先，强调了对心血管健康至关重要的关键传感信号和生物标志物，如心电图、心音图、脉搏波速度、血压和特定生物标志物。在此之后，研究了用于心血管疾病监测的先进传感技术，包括可穿戴电生理设备、光纤、电化学传感器和植入式心脏设备。该综述还深入探讨了基于水凝胶的可穿戴电化学生物传感器，其可检测汗液、间质液、唾液和泪液中的生物标志物。还进一步关注了基于柔性电子的生物传感器，包括电阻式、电容式和压电力传感器，以及电阻式和热释电温度传感器、柔性生化传感器和传感器阵列。此外，讨论还扩展到基于聚合物的可穿戴传感器，重点关注隐形眼镜型、纺织型、贴片型和纹身型传感器的创新。最后，该综述阐述了近期可穿戴生物传感技术面临的挑战，并探索了未来前景，强调了将可穿戴传感设备转变为具有多功能能力的先进诊断工具以用于心血管疾病监测和其他医疗保健应用的潜在开创性途径。
