Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Malaga.
Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga, Spain.
Clin J Pain. 2024 Aug 1;40(8):497-503. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000001227.
The Pain Responses Scale and its Short Form (PRS-SF) were recently developed to assess the affective, behavioral, and cognitive responses to pain based on the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS) model of chronic pain. The purpose of this study was to provide additional tests of the psychometric properties of the PRS-SF in a new sample of individuals with chronic pain.
A sample of Spanish adults (N = 190) with chronic non-cancer pain completed a translated version of the PRS-SF and a battery of questionnaires measuring validity criteria hypothesized the be associated with BIS and BAS activation, including measures of sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward, pain intensity, pain interference, catastrophizing, and pain acceptance.
Confirmatory factor analysis supported a 4-factor structure for the PRS-SF assessing despondent, escape, approach, and relaxation responses (S-B χ 2 [5] = 1.49, Comparative Fit Index = 0.99, Non-Normed Fit Index = 0.99, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.051, Akaike Information Criterion = 4113.66), with marginal internal consistency for 1 scale (relaxation) and adequate to good internal consistency for the others. The pattern of associations found between the PRS-SF Scale scores and the validity criterion supports the validity of the instrument.
The results provide additional support for the validity of the 4 PRS-SF Scale scores, and the reliability of 3 of the scales. If these findings are replicated in future research, investigators may wish to administer more items from the original Relaxation Scale when assessing this domain to ensure adequate reliability for this scale. The other items from the PRS-SF assessing despondent, escape, and approach responses appear to provide at least adequate reliability. When used in this way, the PRS-SF may be used to measure BIS and BAS responses to pain to: (1) provide further tests of the BIS-BAS model of chronic pain and/or (2) understand the potential mediating effects of BIS and BAS responses on the effects of psychological pain treatments to help determine which specific responses are most responsible for the benefits of treatment, and, therefore, which responses should be specifically targeted to enhance treatment response.
疼痛反应量表及其简式量表（PRS-SF）最近被开发出来，用于根据慢性疼痛的行为抑制系统（BIS）和行为激活系统（BAS）模型评估疼痛的情感、行为和认知反应。本研究的目的是在新的慢性疼痛个体样本中提供对 PRS-SF 心理测量特性的进一步测试。
一组西班牙成年人（N=190）患有慢性非癌症疼痛，完成了 PRS-SF 的翻译版本和一整套问卷，这些问卷测量了与 BIS 和 BAS 激活相关的效度标准，包括对惩罚的敏感性、对奖励的敏感性、疼痛强度、疼痛干扰、灾难化和疼痛接受度的测量。
验证性因素分析支持 PRS-SF 的 4 因子结构，用于评估抑郁、逃避、接近和放松反应（S-B χ 2 [5]=1.49，比较拟合指数=0.99，非归一化拟合指数=0.99，均方根误差近似值=0.051，Akaike 信息准则=4113.66），一个量表（放松）的内部一致性边缘，其他量表的内部一致性为足够好。PRS-SF 量表得分与效度标准之间发现的关联模式支持该工具的有效性。
这些结果为 4 个 PRS-SF 量表得分的有效性提供了额外的支持，并且 3 个量表的可靠性也得到了支持。如果这些发现能够在未来的研究中得到复制，研究人员在评估该领域时可能希望从原始放松量表中增加更多项目，以确保该量表的可靠性。评估抑郁、逃避和接近反应的 PRS-SF 的其他项目似乎提供了足够的可靠性。以这种方式使用时，PRS-SF 可用于测量疼痛的 BIS 和 BAS 反应，以：（1）进一步测试慢性疼痛的 BIS-BAS 模型，和/或（2）了解 BIS 和 BAS 反应对心理疼痛治疗效果的潜在中介作用，以帮助确定哪些特定反应对治疗效果最负责，因此，应特别针对哪些反应来增强治疗反应。
