Gomes Sérgio Adriano, Travassos Bruno, Ribeiro João Nuno, Castro Henrique de Oliveira, Gomes Leandro Lume, Ferreira Carlos Ernesto Santos
Physical Education Department, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 May 28;6:1376024. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1376024. eCollection 2024.
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of space and number of players manipulation on the external and internal load demands of youth futsal athletes.
Forty-two male U17 players (age = 15.62 ± 0.58 years) from three futsal teams participated in the study. In this cross-sectional study that lasted 8-week, the player's sample practiced six futsal tasks (T1-T6) and a futsal game played under the official rules (T7). From T1-T6, two task constraints were manipulated: (i) the number of players and, (ii) the space of play. The WIMU PRO™ Ultra-Wideband (UWB) tracking system was used to measure the external and internal load during the futsal tasks. External load was quantified using kinematic and mechanical variables extracted from positional data and, the internal load was quantified using Heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Repeated measures ANOVA was used for comparison purposes.
In general, the results showed high external (total distance, distance 18.1-21, above 21 Km/h, and high intensity acceleration and deceleration, < 0.001) and internal load (heart rate average and rating of perceived exertion, < 0.001) in the tasks with low number of players and high area. In relation to the match, the tasks with small relative area per player (GK + 2 vs. 2 + GK and GK + 3 vs. 3 + GK in 20 × 20 m) promoted low external load.
It was concluded that increasing the relative area by reducing the number of players involved in the tasks in the form of small-sided games (GK + 2 vs. 2 + GK and GK + 3 vs. 3 + GK), in relation to the futsal game (GK + 4 vs. 4 + GK), can be considered a pedagogical strategy to increase the external and internal load demands of young futsal players.
本研究旨在分析场地空间和球员数量的操控对青少年五人制足球运动员外部和内部负荷需求的影响。
来自三支五人制足球队的42名17岁以下男性球员（年龄 = 15.62 ± 0.58岁）参与了本研究。在这项为期8周的横断面研究中，球员样本进行了六项五人制足球任务（T1 - T6）以及一场按照官方规则进行的五人制足球比赛（T7）。从T1 - T6，操控了两个任务限制因素：（i）球员数量，以及（ii）比赛空间。使用WIMU PRO™超宽带（UWB）跟踪系统来测量五人制足球任务期间的外部和内部负荷。外部负荷通过从位置数据中提取的运动学和力学变量进行量化，内部负荷通过心率（HR）和主观用力程度分级（RPE）进行量化。采用重复测量方差分析进行比较。
总体而言，结果显示在球员数量少且场地面积大的任务中，外部负荷（总距离、18.1 - 21米距离、高于21公里/小时的距离以及高强度加速和减速，< 0.001）和内部负荷（平均心率和主观用力程度分级，< 0.001）都很高。与比赛相关，每名球员相对面积小的任务（在20×20米场地中，守门员 + 2对2 + 守门员以及守门员 + 3对3 + 守门员）导致外部负荷较低。
得出的结论是，与五人制足球比赛（守门员 + 4对4 + 守门员）相比，以小场地比赛形式（守门员 + 2对2 + 守门员以及守门员 + 3对3 + 守门员）减少参与任务的球员数量来增加相对面积，可被视为一种教学策略，以提高青少年五人制足球运动员的外部和内部负荷需求。
