Clemente Filipe Manuel, Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo, Sarmento Hugo, Praça Gibson Moreira, Afonso José, Silva Ana Filipa, Rosemann Thomas, Knechtle Beat
Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana Do Castelo, Portugal.
Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Lisboa, Portugal.
Front Psychol. 2021 May 7;12:667041. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.667041. eCollection 2021.
Small-sided games (SSGs) are an adjusted form of official games that are often used in training scenarios to introduce a specific tactical issue to team sports players. Besides the acute effects of SSGs on players' performance, it is expectable that the consistent use of these drill-based games induces adaptations in the technical execution and tactical behaviors of youth team sports players. This systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of SSG programs on the technical execution and tactical behaviors of young and youth team sports players. The data sources utilized were PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. (i) Young and youth team sports players (i.e., < 18 years old) of any sex or skill level, without injury, illness, or other clinical conditions; (ii) SSGs-based programs not restricted to the duration and a minimum of one weekly training session; (iii) passive or active control groups; (iv) pre-post interventions values of technical execution and/or tactical behavior; (v) randomized and non-randomized controlled trials; and (vi) peer-reviewed original full-text studies written in English, Portuguese and/or Spanish. The database search initially yielded 803 titles. From those, six articles were eligible for the systematic review and meta-analysis. None of the included studies presented tactical behavior outcomes. The results showed a small effect of SSGs on technical execution (ES = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.29 to 0.89; < 0.001; = 0.0%; Egger's test = 0.590) when compared to controls. Sub-group analysis of the training factor revealed similar ( = 0.433) moderate (ES = 0.68, four study groups) and small (ES = 0.44, three study groups) improvements in technical execution after >17 and <17 SSG training sessions, respectively. This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a significant beneficial effect of using SSG training programs for enhancing technical execution in young and youth players. The benefits were similar despite the various numbers of training sessions applied. Further studies should add tactical behaviors as one of the outcomes for controlling the effects of SSG training programs.
小型比赛（SSGs）是正式比赛的一种调整形式，常用于训练场景，向团队运动运动员引入特定战术问题。除了小型比赛对运动员表现的即时影响外，可以预期的是，持续使用这些基于训练的比赛会促使青少年团队运动运动员在技术执行和战术行为方面产生适应性变化。本系统评价及荟萃分析旨在评估小型比赛计划对青少年团队运动运动员技术执行和战术行为的影响。所使用的数据来源包括PubMed、Scopus、SPORTDiscus和科学网。（i） 任何性别或技能水平、无损伤、疾病或其他临床状况的青少年团队运动运动员（即<18岁）；（ii）基于小型比赛的计划，不限持续时间，每周至少进行一次训练；（iii）被动或主动对照组；（iv）技术执行和/或战术行为的干预前后值；（v）随机和非随机对照试验；以及（vi）以英文、葡萄牙文和/或西班牙文撰写的经同行评审的原始全文研究。数据库搜索最初产生了803个标题。其中，有六篇文章符合系统评价和荟萃分析的条件。纳入的研究均未呈现战术行为结果。结果显示，与对照组相比，小型比赛对技术执行有较小影响（效应量=0.59；95%置信区间=0.29至0.89；P<0.001；I²=0.0%；Egger检验P=0.590）。训练因素的亚组分析显示，在进行>17次和<17次小型比赛训练后，技术执行方面分别有相似的（P=0.433）中度（效应量=0.68，四个研究组）和较小（效应量=0.44，三个研究组）改善。本系统评价和荟萃分析显示，使用小型比赛训练计划对提高青少年运动员的技术执行有显著有益效果。尽管应用的训练次数不同，但益处相似。进一步的研究应将战术行为作为控制小型比赛训练计划效果的结果之一。
