Rivera-Iñiguez Ingrid, Hunot-Alexander Claudia, Sepúlveda-Villegas Maricruz, Campos-Medina Liliana, Roman Sonia
Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Department of Human Reproduction Clinics, Infant Growth and Development, Institute of Human Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Front Nutr. 2024 May 28;11:1373578. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1373578. eCollection 2024.
Appetitive traits are influenced by the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to explore the relationship between gene polymorphisms involved in the regulation of energy balance and food reward and appetitive traits in young Mexican subjects.
This cross-sectional study involved 118 university freshman undergraduates who completed the Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire for Spanish speakers (AEBQ-Esp) to assess their appetitive traits. A real-time PCR system was employed to determine gene polymorphisms involved in energy balance ( rs7799039, rs17782313, rs9939609, rs696217), and reward system ( Taq1A rs1800497 and rs4680).
The mean age of participants was 20.14 ± 3.95 years, 71.2% were women and their mean BMI was 23.52 ± 4.05 kg/m. Met allele carriers presented a significantly higher "Emotional overeating" mean score than Val allele carriers (2.63 ± 0.70 vs. 2.23 ± 0.70, = 0.028). The CC + CT genotype correlated positively with "Emotional overeating" (Phi = 0.308, = 0.01). The MetMet+MetVal genotype correlated with higher "Emotional overeating" ( = 0.257, = 0.028; Phi = 0.249, = 0.033). The protective genotype TT correlated positively with "Emotional undereating" (Phi = 0.298, = 0.012). Carriers of the risk genotype CC + CT presented a higher risk of "Emotional overeating" than TT carriers (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.3-4.8, = 0.034). Carriers of the risk genotype MetMet+MetVal (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.1-10.3, = 0.033), were associated with a higher risk of "Emotional overeating" than ValVal carriers. The protective genotype TT was associated with "Emotional undereating" (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-9.1, = 0.014).
The study found a relationship between the protective genotypes of TT and "Emotional undereating" and risk genotypes of Met/Met+Met/Val and CC + CT with "Emotional overeating." These genetic factors may increase weight gain by enhancing hedonic food consumption and reducing satiety control. Future studies should focus on replication studies in ethnically diverse young adults and life stages to explore the relationship between polymorphisms and appetitive traits and weight. This will help tailor personalized nutrigenetic strategies to counteract disordered eating patterns leading to obesity and associated co-morbidities.
食欲特质受遗传和环境因素相互作用的影响。本研究旨在探讨参与能量平衡和食物奖赏调节的基因多态性与墨西哥年轻受试者食欲特质之间的关系。
这项横断面研究纳入了118名大学本科新生，他们完成了西班牙语版成人饮食行为问卷（AEBQ-Esp）以评估其食欲特质。采用实时聚合酶链反应系统来确定参与能量平衡的基因多态性（rs7799039、rs17782313、rs9939609、rs696217）以及奖赏系统的基因多态性（Taq1A rs1800497和rs4680）。
参与者的平均年龄为20.14±3.95岁，71.2%为女性，其平均体重指数为23.52±4.05kg/m²。甲硫氨酸（Met）等位基因携带者的“情绪性暴饮暴食”平均得分显著高于缬氨酸（Val）等位基因携带者（2.63±0.70对2.23±0.70，P = 0.028）。CC + CT基因型与“情绪性暴饮暴食”呈正相关（Phi = 0.308，P = 0.01）。MetMet + MetVal基因型与更高的“情绪性暴饮暴食”相关（P = 0.257，P = 0.028；Phi = 0.249，P = 0.033）。保护性基因型TT与“情绪性饮食不足”呈正相关（Phi = 0.298，P = 0.012）。风险基因型CC + CT的携带者比TT携带者出现“情绪性暴饮暴食”的风险更高（比值比[OR]=2.4，95%置信区间[CI] 1.3 - 4.8，P = 0.034）。风险基因型MetMet + MetVal的携带者（OR = 3.4，95% CI 1.1 - 10.3，P = 0.033）比ValVal携带者出现“情绪性暴饮暴食”的风险更高。保护性基因型TT与“情绪性饮食不足”相关（OR = 1.8，95% CI 1.1 - 9.1，P = 0.014）。
该研究发现TT的保护性基因型与“情绪性饮食不足”之间以及Met/Met + Met/Val和CC + CT的风险基因型与“情绪性暴饮暴食”之间存在关联。这些遗传因素可能通过增强享乐性食物消费和降低饱腹感控制来增加体重增加。未来的研究应侧重于在不同种族的年轻成年人和生命阶段进行重复研究，以探索多态性与食欲特质及体重之间的关系。这将有助于制定个性化的营养遗传学策略，以对抗导致肥胖及相关合并症的饮食紊乱模式。
