Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
Environ Int. 2024 Jul;189:108799. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108799. Epub 2024 Jun 5.
While long-term air pollution and noise exposure has been linked to increasing cardiometabolic disease risk, potential effects on body composition remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations of long-term air pollution, noise and body composition.
We used repeated data from the LEAD (Lung, hEart, sociAl, boDy) study conducted in Vienna, Austria. Body mass index (BMI; kg/m), fat mass index (FMI; z-score), and lean mass index (LMI; z-score) were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at the first (t; 2011-ongoing) and second (t; 2017-ongoing) examinations. Annual particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) concentrations were estimated with the GRAMM/GRAL model (2015-2021). Day-evening-night (L) and night-time (L) noise levels from transportation were modeled for 2017 following the European Union Directive 2002/49/EC. Exposures were assigned to residential addresses. We performed analyses separately in children/adolescents and adults, using linear mixed-effects models with random participant intercepts and linear regression models for cross-sectional and longitudinal associations, respectively. Models were adjusted for co-exposure, lifestyle and sociodemographics.
A total of 19,202 observations (nt = 12,717, nt = 6,485) from participants aged 6-86 years (mean age at t = 41.0 years; 52.9 % female; mean PM = 21 µg/m; mean follow-up time = 4.1 years) were analyzed. Among children and adolescents (age ≤ 18 years at first visit), higher PMexposure was cross-sectionally associated with higher FMI z-scores (0.09 [95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 0.03, 0.16]) and lower LMI z-scores (-0.05 [95 % CI: -0.10, -0.002]) per 1.8 µg/m. Adults showed similar trends in cross-sectional associations as children, though not reaching statistical significance. We observed no associations for noise exposures. Longitudinal analyses on body composition changes over time yielded positive associations for PM, but not for other exposures.
Air pollution exposure, mainly PM, was cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with body composition in children/adolescents and adults. Railway/road-traffic noise exposures showed no associations in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.
长期暴露于空气污染和噪声中与心血管代谢疾病风险增加有关，但对身体成分的潜在影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨长期空气污染、噪声与身体成分的关系。
我们使用奥地利维也纳进行的 LEAD（肺、心、社会、身体）研究的重复数据。在第一次（t；2011 年持续至今）和第二次（t；2017 年持续至今）检查时，使用双能 X 射线吸收法测量体重指数（BMI；kg/m）、脂肪质量指数（FMI；z 分数）和瘦体重指数（LMI；z 分数）。使用 GRAMM/GRAL 模型（2015-2021 年）估算每年的颗粒物（PM）和二氧化氮（NO）浓度。根据欧盟 2002/49/EC 指令，为 2017 年的交通昼间-夜间（L）和夜间（L）噪声水平建模。将暴露值分配给居住地址。我们分别在儿童/青少年和成年人中进行分析，使用具有随机参与者截距的线性混合效应模型和线性回归模型分别用于横断面和纵向关联。模型调整了共暴露、生活方式和社会人口统计学因素。
共分析了来自 6-86 岁参与者（首次就诊时年龄≤18 岁的 nT=12717，nT=6485）的 19202 个观测值（平均 t 年龄=41.0 岁；52.9%为女性；平均 PM=21µg/m；平均随访时间=4.1 年）。在儿童和青少年（首次就诊时年龄≤18 岁）中，较高的 PM 暴露与更高的 FMI z 分数（0.09[95%置信区间（CI）：0.03，0.16]）和更低的 LMI z 分数（-0.05[95%CI：-0.10，-0.002]）相关每增加 1.8µg/m。成年人的横断面关联呈相似趋势，但未达到统计学意义。我们观察到噪声暴露无关联。关于随时间变化的身体成分变化的纵向分析显示 PM 呈正相关，但其他暴露无关联。
空气污染暴露，主要是 PM，与儿童/青少年和成年人的身体成分呈横断面和纵向相关。铁路/道路交通噪声暴露在横断面和纵向分析中均无关联。
