Nesterko Yuriy, Jacobsen Jannes, Köhler Jonas, Glaesmer Heide
Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Universität Leipzig.
Wissenschaftliche Abteilung, Zentrum ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin.
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2024 Jun;74(6):214-223. doi: 10.1055/a-2305-7890. Epub 2024 Jun 12.
The criteria-oriented assessment of the population with a migration background that is common in Germany is currently being criticized from a social science and methodological perspective, among others. In particular, its usefulness as an indicator of perceived discrimination against the population with a migration background can be critically questioned based on the current state of research METHOD: Based on a population-representative data set (N=1,989) for the city of Berlin, the subjective perception of a migration background based on self-attribution and anticipated external attribution of a migration background was recorded in addition to the objective assessment of a migration background. Furthermore, socio-demographic and migration-specific characteristics as well as perceived discrimination were assessed. Using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, differences between the objective and subjective assessment of a migration background and their relationship with perceived discrimination were analyzed.
Less than half (38%, 154/400) of the respondents identified as having a migrant background using the criterion-oriented approach reported describing themselves as migrants. 36% (144/405) reported that they believed that others in Germany described them as a person with a migrantion background. Respondents with a migration background are significantly more likely to experience discrimination on grounds of skin color, religion or country of origin compared to respondents without a migration background. Furthermore, it was found that both the self-attribution and the anticipated attribution by others as a migrant are positively associated with experiences of discrimination and racism.
The results suggest that migration-sensitive research should not simply differentiate between people with and without a migration background according to official criteria. Rather, the subjective perceptions of one's own attribution as a migrant seem more suitable as indicators of discrimination and should be taken into account in future research or surveys on experiences of discrimination.
目前，德国常用的针对有移民背景人群的标准导向评估受到了社会科学和方法论等方面的批评。特别是，基于当前的研究状况，其作为感知到的针对有移民背景人群的歧视指标的有效性可能会受到严重质疑。
基于柏林市具有人口代表性的数据集（N = 1,989），除了对移民背景进行客观评估外，还记录了基于自我归因和预期他人对移民背景归因的对移民背景的主观认知。此外，还评估了社会人口学和特定于移民的特征以及感知到的歧视。使用描述性和推断性统计方法，分析了移民背景客观评估与主观评估之间的差异及其与感知到的歧视的关系。
在使用标准导向方法被认定有移民背景的受访者中，不到一半（38%，154/400）表示自己将自己描述为移民。36%（144/405）表示他们认为在德国其他人将他们描述为有移民背景的人。与没有移民背景的受访者相比，有移民背景的受访者因肤色、宗教或原籍国而遭受歧视的可能性显著更高。此外，研究发现，将自己视为移民的自我归因和他人预期的归因都与歧视和种族主义经历呈正相关。
结果表明，对移民敏感的研究不应简单地根据官方标准区分有无移民背景的人。相反，将自己视为移民的主观认知似乎更适合作为歧视指标，应在未来关于歧视经历的研究或调查中加以考虑。
