Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 12;14(1):13532. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-63211-8.
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is an economically potent crop in many countries including Pakistan, India, and China. For the last three decades, cotton production is under the constant stress of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) caused by begomoviruses/satellites complex that is transmitted through the insect pest, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). In 2018, we identified a highly recombinant strain; Cotton leaf curl Multan virus-Rajasthan (CLCuMuV-Raj), associated with the Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite-Vehari (CLCuMuB). This strain is dominant in cotton-growing hub areas of central Punjab, Pakistan, causing the third epidemic of CLCuD. In the present study, we have explored the CLCuD diversity from central to southern districts of Punjab (Faisalabad, Lodhran, Bahawalpur, Rahimyar Khan) and the major cotton-growing region of Sindh (Tandojam), Pakistan for 2 years (2020-2021). Interestingly, we found same virus (CLCuMuV-Raj) and associated betasatellite (CLCuMuB) strain that was previously reported with the third epidemic in the central Punjab region. Furthermore, we found minor mutations in two genes of CLCuMuV-Raj C4 and C1 in 2020 and 2021 respectively as compared to its isolates in 2018, which exhibited virus evolution. Surprisingly, we did not find these mutations in CLCuMuV-Raj isolates identified from Sindh province. The findings of the current study represent the stability of CLCuMuV-Raj and its spread toward the Sindh province where previously Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV) and Cotton leaf curl Shahdadpur virus (CLCuShV) have been reported. The findings of the current study demand future research on CLCuD complex to explore the possible reasons for prevalence in the field and how the virus-host-vector compatible interaction can be broken to develop resistant cultivars.
棉花（Gossypium hirsutum）是包括巴基斯坦、印度和中国在内的许多国家经济实力雄厚的作物。在过去的三十年中，棉花生产一直受到由双生病毒/卫星复合引起的棉花卷叶病（CLCuD）的持续压力，这种病毒通过粉虱（Bemisia tabaci）传播。2018 年，我们鉴定出一种高度重组的菌株；棉花卷叶多兰病毒-拉贾斯坦邦（CLCuMuV-Raj），与棉花卷叶多兰 betasatellite-Vehari（CLCuMuB）相关。该菌株在巴基斯坦旁遮普省中部棉花种植中心地区占主导地位，导致 CLCuD 的第三次流行。在本研究中，我们在 2 年（2020-2021 年）内探索了从旁遮普省中部到南部地区（费萨拉巴德、洛德拉、巴哈瓦尔布尔、拉希姆亚尔汗）和巴基斯坦主要棉花种植区信德省（坦多贾姆）的 CLCuD 多样性。有趣的是，我们发现了与中央旁遮普地区第三次流行有关的相同病毒（CLCuMuV-Raj）和相关的 betasatellite（CLCuMuB）菌株。此外，与 2018 年的分离株相比，我们在 2020 年和 2021 年分别发现了 CLCuMuV-Raj 的 C4 和 C1 两个基因的较小突变，表明病毒进化。令人惊讶的是，我们在来自信德省的 CLCuMuV-Raj 分离株中没有发现这些突变。本研究的结果代表了 CLCuMuV-Raj 的稳定性及其向信德省的传播，此前曾报道过 Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus（CLCuKoV）和 Cotton leaf curl Shahdadpur virus（CLCuShV）。本研究的结果要求对 CLCuD 复合进行未来研究，以探讨其在田间流行的可能原因以及病毒-宿主-载体的兼容相互作用如何被打破，以开发抗性品种。
