Aioub Ahmed A A, Abdelnour Sameh A, Hashem Ahmed S, Maher Mohamed, Abdel-Wahab Sarah I Z, Alkeridis Lamya Ahmed, Shukry Mustafa, Sayed Samy M, Elsobki Ahmed E A
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
BMC Vet Res. 2024 Jun 12;20(1):256. doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04084-x.
Acetamiprid (ACDP) is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide that is popular for its efficacy in controlling fleas in domestic settings and for pets. Our study aims to offer a comprehensive examination of the toxicological impacts of ACDP and the prophylactic effects of cinnamon nanoemulsions (CMNEs) on the pathological, immunohistochemical, and hematological analyses induced by taking ACDP twice a week for 28 days. Forty healthy rats were divided into four groups (n = 10) at random; the first group served as control rats; the second received CMNEs (2 mg/Kg body weight); the third group received acetamiprid (ACDP group; 21.7 mg/Kg body weight), and the fourth group was given both ACDP and CMNEs by oral gavage. Following the study period, tissue and blood samples were extracted and prepared for analysis. According to a GC-MS analysis, CMNEs had several bioactive ingredients that protected the liver from oxidative stress by upregulating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Our findings demonstrated that whereas ACDP treatment considerably boosted white blood cells (WBCs) and lymphocytes, it significantly lowered body weight gain (BWG), red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), and platelets (PLT). ACDP notably reduced antioxidant enzyme activities: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) and elevated hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels compared with other groups. ACDP remarkably raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels.Moreover, the histopathological and immunohistochemistry assays discovered a severe toxic effect on the liver and kidney following ACDP delivery. Furthermore, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) + immunoexpression was enhanced after treatment with CMNEs. All of the parameters above were returned to nearly normal levels by the coadministration of CMNEs. The molecular docking of cinnamaldehyde with COX-2 also confirmed the protective potential of CMNEs against ACDP toxicity. Our findings highlighted that the coadministration of CMNEs along with ACDP diminished its toxicity by cutting down oxidative stress and enhancing antioxidant capacity, demonstrating the effectiveness of CMNEs in lessening ACDP toxicity.
啶虫脒（ACDP）是一种广泛使用的新烟碱类杀虫剂，因其在家用环境和宠物身上防治跳蚤的功效而广受欢迎。我们的研究旨在全面考察啶虫脒的毒理学影响以及肉桂纳米乳剂（CMNEs）对每周两次服用啶虫脒28天所诱导的病理、免疫组化和血液学分析的预防作用。将40只健康大鼠随机分为四组（n = 10）；第一组作为对照大鼠；第二组接受肉桂纳米乳剂（2毫克/千克体重）；第三组接受啶虫脒（ACDP组；21.7毫克/千克体重），第四组通过灌胃同时给予啶虫脒和肉桂纳米乳剂。在研究期结束后，提取组织和血液样本并准备进行分析。根据气相色谱 - 质谱分析，肉桂纳米乳剂含有多种生物活性成分，通过上调抗氧化剂和抗炎剂来保护肝脏免受氧化应激。我们的研究结果表明，虽然啶虫脒处理显著增加了白细胞（WBCs）和淋巴细胞，但它显著降低了体重增加（BWG）、红细胞（RBCs）、血红蛋白（Hb）、血细胞比容（HCT）和血小板（PLT）。与其他组相比，啶虫脒显著降低了抗氧化酶活性：超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和过氧化氢酶（CAT），并提高了过氧化氢和丙二醛水平。啶虫脒显著提高了丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）水平。此外，组织病理学和免疫组化分析发现，给予啶虫脒后对肝脏和肾脏有严重的毒性作用。此外，用肉桂纳米乳剂处理后，环氧合酶2（COX - 2）的免疫表达增强。通过同时给予肉桂纳米乳剂，上述所有参数均恢复到接近正常水平。肉桂醛与COX - 2的分子对接也证实了肉桂纳米乳剂对啶虫脒毒性的保护潜力。我们的研究结果强调，肉桂纳米乳剂与啶虫脒同时给药可通过减少氧化应激和增强抗氧化能力来降低其毒性，证明了肉桂纳米乳剂在减轻啶虫脒毒性方面的有效性。
