Kiktenko V S
J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1985;29(1):77-82.
It has been demonstrated that the differences observed in the aetiological structure of the individual foci of leptospirosis can be explained not only by the affinity of leptospiral serogroups to certain animal species, but also by different mechanisms of transmission of the causative agent of leptospiral infection which can be transferred both by sexual and alimentary routes (in water). It has been demonstrated that mostly one serotype of leptospires predominates in natural foci of leptospirosis, but several in anthropurgic ones. In the author's opinion, leptospiral infection in natural foci is mainly spread by the sexual route through the background species of animals--carriers of leptospirosis, and by the alimentary route in the anthropurgic foci. It is presumed that leptospires of the serogroups Javanica, Australis, Icterohaemorrhagiae, transmitted by the shrew-mice, hedgehogs and rats by the sexual route, are by their origin "ancient" serogroups of leptospires while the serogroups of leptospires isolated from domestic animals, showing predominantly the alimentary route of transmission of infection in the focus, are representatives of the "younger" forms of the evolutional development of leptospires.
已经证明，在钩端螺旋体病各个疫源地观察到的病因结构差异，不仅可以用钩端螺旋体血清群对某些动物物种的亲和力来解释，还可以用钩端螺旋体感染病原体的不同传播机制来解释，病原体可通过性传播和消化道途径（在水中）传播。已经证明，在钩端螺旋体病的自然疫源地中，大多以一种钩端螺旋体血清型为主，但在人为疫源地中则有几种血清型。作者认为，自然疫源地中的钩端螺旋体感染主要通过性传播途径，经钩端螺旋体病的宿主动物——背景物种传播，而在人为疫源地中则通过消化道途径传播。据推测，由麝鼩、刺猬和大鼠通过性传播途径传播的爪哇型、澳洲型、出血性黄疸型钩端螺旋体血清群，在起源上是钩端螺旋体的“古老”血清群，而从家畜中分离出的钩端螺旋体血清群，在疫源地中主要表现为感染的消化道传播途径，是钩端螺旋体进化发展“较新”形式的代表。
