Yang Teng, Tedersoo Leho, Liu Xu, Gao Gui-Feng, Dong Ke, Adams Jonathan M, Chu Haiyan
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.
Imeta. 2022 Aug 15;1(4):e49. doi: 10.1002/imt2.49. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Microbes dominate terrestrial ecosystems via their great species diversity and vital ecosystem functions, such as biogeochemical cycling and mycorrhizal symbiosis. Fungi and other organisms form diverse association networks. However, the roles of species belonging to different kingdoms in multi-kingdom community networks have remained largely elusive. In light of the integrative microbiome initiative, we inferred multiple-kingdom biotic associations from high elevation timberline soils using the SPIEC-EASI method. Biotic interactions among plants, nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and archaea were surveyed at the community and network levels. Compared to single-kingdom networks, multi-kingdom networks and their associations increased the within-kingdom and cross-kingdom edge numbers by 1012 and 10,772, respectively, as well as mean connectivity and negative edge proportion by 15.2 and 0.8%, respectively. Fungal involvement increased network stability (i.e., resistance to node loss) and connectivity, but reduced modularity, when compared with those in the single-kingdom networks of plants, nematodes, bacteria, and archaea. In the entire multi-kingdom network, fungal nodes were characterized by significantly higher degree and betweenness than bacteria. Fungi more often played the role of connector, linking different modules. Consistently, structural equation modeling and multiple regression on matrices corroborated the "bridge" role of fungi at the community level, linking plants and other soil biota. Overall, our findings suggest that fungi can stabilize the self-organization process of multi-kingdom networks. The findings facilitate the initiation and carrying out of multi-kingdom community studies in natural ecosystems to reveal the complex above- and belowground linkages.
微生物凭借其丰富的物种多样性和重要的生态系统功能(如生物地球化学循环和菌根共生)主导着陆地生态系统。真菌和其他生物形成了多样的关联网络。然而,不同界的物种在多界群落网络中的作用在很大程度上仍不明确。鉴于综合微生物组计划,我们使用SPIEC-EASI方法从高海拔林线土壤中推断出多界生物关联。在群落和网络层面调查了植物、线虫、真菌、细菌和古菌之间的生物相互作用。与单界网络相比,多界网络及其关联分别使界内和跨界边的数量增加了1012条和10772条,平均连通性和负边比例分别增加了15.2%和0.8%。与植物、线虫、细菌和古菌的单界网络相比,真菌的参与增加了网络稳定性(即对节点损失的抵抗力)和连通性,但降低了模块性。在整个多界网络中,真菌节点的度和介数显著高于细菌。真菌更常扮演连接不同模块的连接者角色。同样,结构方程模型和矩阵多元回归证实了真菌在群落层面连接植物和其他土壤生物群的“桥梁”作用。总体而言,我们的研究结果表明真菌可以稳定多界网络的自组织过程。这些发现有助于在自然生态系统中开展多界群落研究,以揭示复杂的地上和地下联系。
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