Seyfali Ehsan, Khoshtaghaza Mohammad Hadi, Rouhi Milad, Sarlak Zahra, Najafi Gholamhassan
Department of Biosystems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Heliyon. 2024 May 30;10(11):e32204. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32204. eCollection 2024 Jun 15.
Milk is a highly nutritious food essential for human consumption. However, traditional thermal processing methods can reduce its nutritional value and cause unwanted changes. The use of shock waves produced by pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) has been explored as a means to reduce pathogenic microorganisms. The effect of shock wave treatment on microbial load and particle distribution in packaged fresh cow's milk was investigated. Additionally, the impact of shock wave treatment on counts in a bacterial suspension of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was evaluated, as this bacterium is a significant milkborne pathogen. Treatment with 1000 impulses from an electromagnetic shock wave generator resulted in a 0.7-log reduction in the total bacterial count of milk. In a separate experiment, a 300-impulse shock wave treatment applied to a suspension achieved a 3-log reduction in bacterial counts. Furthermore, shock wave treatment resulted in a decrease in milk particle size compared to untreated milk. Notably, the volume of milk used in this study aligns with commercially available packaged products, enhancing the experiment's industrial relevance. The use of PEMF to generate shock waves could provide a novel approach for future studies focused on reducing the microbial load of milk and improving its homogenization.
牛奶是人类食用必不可少的高营养食品。然而，传统的热处理方法会降低其营养价值并导致不良变化。脉冲电磁场（PEMF）产生的冲击波已被探索作为减少致病微生物的一种手段。研究了冲击波处理对包装鲜牛奶中微生物负荷和颗粒分布的影响。此外，评估了冲击波处理对磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）细菌悬液中细菌计数的影响，因为这种细菌是一种重要的经牛奶传播的病原体。用电磁冲击波发生器施加1000次脉冲处理后，牛奶中的总细菌数减少了0.7个对数级。在另一项实验中，对一种细菌悬液施加300次脉冲的冲击波处理，细菌计数减少了3个对数级。此外，与未处理的牛奶相比，冲击波处理导致牛奶颗粒尺寸减小。值得注意的是，本研究中使用的牛奶量与市售包装产品一致，提高了实验的工业相关性。利用脉冲电磁场产生冲击波可为未来旨在降低牛奶微生物负荷和改善其均质化的研究提供一种新方法。
