Multielectron Reduction of Esters by a Diazabenzacenaphthenium Photoredox Catalyst.

A novel diazabenzacenaphthenium photocatalyst, , with high photoredox abilities and visible-light absorption was designed and prepared in one step. Under visible-light irradiation, promoted the four-electron reduction of esters in the presence of ammonium oxalate as a "traceless reductant" to generate carbinol anion intermediates that underwent protonation with water to give the corresponding alcohols. The resulting carbinol anions also exhibited nucleophilic reactivity under the photocatalytic conditions to undergo a 1,2-addition to a second carbonyl compound, affording unsymmetric 1,2-diols.