Pond Fishery Department, National Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Poland.
Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway.
PLoS One. 2024 Jun 14;19(6):e0304274. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304274. eCollection 2024.
The lake minnow Eupallasella percnurus is a small leuciscid fish. In Poland, this species has been in a continuous decline since the mid-20th century and is presently considered as a extremely endangered. According to Polish law, E. percnurus is a strictly protected species that requires active conservation measures. In Poland, one the most common and effective measure of active protection E. percnurus is initiation of new populations. For this purpose, in 2004-2012, juvenile individuals originating from aquaculture conditions were translocated to group of isolated water bodies not inhabited by this species. The juveniles were offspring of parental fish belonging to the same local population, which is extinct at present. Five of those attempts were successful. The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic variation in a group new populations and compare genetic variation indicators with 13 old populations that had existed for decades. The polymorphism of 13 microsatellite markers was investigated, significance of differences in the genetic variation indicators between the groups were tested using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The mean values of all summary statistics under study, i.e. observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and the total number of alleles, were higher in the group of new populations compared to almost all old ones. A similar dependence was found for Garza-Williamson M values, where the mean for the group of new populations was higher than in almost all old populations. Our results indicate that all recently established E. percnurus populations have not yet experienced any extensive founder effects or bottlenecks. They have preserved a large part of the genetic variability typical of their maternal population, which might also have been relatively high. This feature of new populations, may give them a relatively high ability to adapt to changing environments in the future.
湖鲦鱼（Eupallasella percnurus）是一种小型的鲤科鱼类。在波兰，自 20 世纪中叶以来，该物种一直在持续减少，目前被认为极度濒危。根据波兰法律，E. percnurus 是一种受到严格保护的物种，需要采取积极的保护措施。在波兰，最常见和有效的积极保护 E. percnurus 的措施之一是启动新的种群。为此，在 2004 年至 2012 年期间，从水产养殖条件中转移了幼年个体到一组没有该物种栖息的孤立水体中。这些幼年个体是属于目前已灭绝的同一本地种群的亲鱼的后代。其中五次尝试是成功的。本研究的目的是评估一组新种群的遗传变异，并将遗传变异指标与存在数十年的 13 个旧种群进行比较。研究调查了 13 个微卫星标记的多态性，使用单向方差分析（ANOVA）检验了两组间遗传变异指标的差异显著性。与几乎所有旧种群相比，新种群的所有研究综合统计量的平均值，即观察杂合度、预期杂合度和等位基因总数都更高。类似的依赖性也存在于 Garza-Williamson M 值中，新种群的平均值高于几乎所有旧种群。我们的研究结果表明，所有最近建立的 E. percnurus 种群尚未经历广泛的奠基者效应或瓶颈效应。它们保留了其母种群典型的大部分遗传变异性，而母种群的遗传变异性可能也相对较高。新种群的这种特征可能使它们在未来具有相对较高的适应不断变化的环境的能力。
