Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Aging Research Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Aging Research Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Cortex. 2024 Aug;177:235-252. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.05.010. Epub 2024 Jun 1.
The ability to inhibit movements is an essential component of a healthy executive control system. Two distinct but commonly used tasks to assess motor inhibition are the stop signal task (SST) and the anticipated response inhibition (ARI) task. The SST and ARI tasks are similar in that they both require cancelation of a prepotent movement; however, the SST involves cancelation of a speeded reaction to a temporally unpredictable signal, while the ARI task involves cancelation of an anticipated response that the participant has prepared to enact at a wholly predictable time. 33 participants (mean age = 33.3 years, range = 18-55 years) completed variants of the SST and ARI task. In each task, the majority of trials required bimanual button presses, while on a subset of trials a stop signal indicated that one of the presses should be cancelled (i.e., motor selective inhibition). Additional variants of the tasks also included trials featuring signals which were to be ignored, allowing for insights into the attentional component of the inhibitory response. Electromyographic (EMG) recordings allowed detailed comparison of the characteristics of voluntary action and cancellation. The speed of the inhibitory process was not influenced by whether the enacted movement was reactive (SST) or anticipated (ARI task). However, the ongoing (non-cancelled) component of anticipated movements was more efficient than reactive movements, as a result of faster action reprogramming (i.e., faster ongoing actions following successful motor selective inhibition). Older age was associated with both slower inhibition and slower action reprogramming across all reactive and anticipated tasks.
抑制运动的能力是健康执行控制系统的一个重要组成部分。两种常用于评估运动抑制的不同任务是停止信号任务（SST）和预期反应抑制（ARI）任务。SST 和 ARI 任务相似，因为它们都需要取消有力的运动；然而，SST 涉及取消对时间不可预测信号的快速反应，而 ARI 任务涉及取消参与者准备在完全可预测的时间执行的预期反应。33 名参与者（平均年龄 33.3 岁，范围 18-55 岁）完成了 SST 和 ARI 任务的变体。在每个任务中，大多数试验都需要双手按钮按压，而在一部分试验中，停止信号指示应取消一个按压（即，运动选择性抑制）。任务的其他变体还包括需要忽略信号的试验，这可以深入了解抑制反应的注意力成分。肌电图（EMG）记录允许对自愿行动和取消的特征进行详细比较。抑制过程的速度不受执行运动是反应性的（SST）还是预期的（ARI 任务）的影响。然而，预期运动的持续（未取消）部分比反应性运动更有效率，因为动作的重新编程更快（即，成功的运动选择性抑制后更快的持续动作）。在所有反应性和预期任务中，年龄较大与抑制和动作重新编程较慢都有关。
