Patel Ritu Raj, Arun Pandey Priya, Singh Sudhir Kumar, Singh Meenakshi
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
Life Sci. 2024 Aug 15;351:122778. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122778. Epub 2024 Jun 13.
Even though the genus Mycobacterium is a diverse group consisting of a majority of environmental bacteria known as non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), it also contains some of the deadliest pathogens (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in history associated with chronic disease called tuberculosis (TB). Formation of biofilm is one of the unique strategies employed by mycobacteria to enhance their ability to survive in hostile conditions. Biofilm formation by Mycobacterium species is an emerging area of research with significant implications for understanding its pathogenesis and treatment of related infections, specifically TB. This review provides an overview of the biofilm-forming abilities of different species of Mycobacterium and the genetic factors influencing biofilm formation with a detailed focus on M. tuberculosis. Biofilm-mediated resistance is a significant challenge as it can limit antibiotic penetration and promote the survival of dormant mycobacterial cells. Key genetic factors promoting biofilm formation have been explored such as the mmpL genes involved in lipid transport and cell wall integrity as well as the groEL gene essential for mature biofilm formation. Additionally, biofilm-mediated antibiotic resistance and pathogenesis highlighting the specific niches, sites of infection along with the possible mechanisms of biofilm dissemination have been discussed. Furthermore, drug targets within mycobacterial biofilm and their role as potential biomarkers in the development of rapid diagnostic tools have been highlighted. The review summarises the current understanding of the complex nature of Mycobacterium biofilm and its clinical implications, paving the way for advancements in the field of disease diagnosis, management and treatment against its multi-drug resistant species.
尽管分枝杆菌属是一个多样化的菌群，其中大多数是被称为非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）的环境细菌，但它也包含一些历史上最致命的病原体（结核分枝杆菌），这些病原体与称为结核病（TB）的慢性疾病有关。生物膜的形成是分枝杆菌用来增强其在恶劣条件下生存能力的独特策略之一。分枝杆菌物种形成生物膜是一个新兴的研究领域，对理解其发病机制和相关感染（特别是结核病）的治疗具有重要意义。本综述概述了不同分枝杆菌物种的生物膜形成能力以及影响生物膜形成的遗传因素，并特别关注结核分枝杆菌。生物膜介导的耐药性是一个重大挑战，因为它会限制抗生素的渗透并促进休眠分枝杆菌细胞的存活。已经探索了促进生物膜形成的关键遗传因素，例如参与脂质转运和细胞壁完整性的mmpL基因以及成熟生物膜形成所必需的groEL基因。此外，还讨论了生物膜介导的抗生素耐药性和发病机制，突出了特定的生态位、感染部位以及生物膜传播的可能机制。此外，还强调了分枝杆菌生物膜内的药物靶点及其作为快速诊断工具开发中潜在生物标志物的作用。本综述总结了目前对分枝杆菌生物膜复杂性质及其临床意义的理解，为针对其多重耐药物种进行疾病诊断、管理和治疗领域的进展铺平了道路。
