Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6201 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.
Semin Diagn Pathol. 2024 Jul;41(4):173-181. doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2024.06.003. Epub 2024 Jun 13.
Basaloid salivary gland neoplasms are a diverse and varied group of benign and malignant tumors. The term 'basaloid' is broadly used in reference to cells with elevated nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, sparse cytoplasm, and hyperchromatic nuclei. However, a subset may also fit within the "small round blue cell tumor" morphologic category or the "biphasic" salivary gland tumor category. Furthermore, there are no established thresholds for the proportion of basaloid tumor cells needed to consider a tumor within the basaloid spectrum. Given the implicit variability in what is considered a basaloid salivary gland tumor, one may question the inclusion of certain entities (canalicular adenoma, HMGA2::WIF1 pleomorphic adenoma, polymorphous adenocarcinoma) in this review based on classic morphologic features. However, salivary gland tumors with even minor basaloid components may appear 'basaloid' in small biopsy specimens and, thus, a choice was made to focus on common and uncommon diagnostic differentials with this in mind. Entities that will be covered in this review also include basal cell adenoma and basal cell adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, lymphoepithelial carcinoma, sialoblastoma, adamantinoma-like Ewing Sarcoma, NUT carcinoma, and carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation.
基底细胞样唾液腺肿瘤是一组多样化的良性和恶性肿瘤。“基底细胞样”一词广泛用于指细胞核质比升高、细胞质稀疏和核深染的细胞。然而，一部分也可能符合“小圆细胞蓝色肿瘤”形态类别或“双相”唾液腺肿瘤类别。此外，没有确定的基底样肿瘤细胞比例阈值来考虑肿瘤是否属于基底样谱。鉴于被认为是基底细胞样唾液腺肿瘤的隐含变异性，根据经典形态特征，人们可能会质疑某些实体（管状腺瘤、HMGA2::WIF1 多形性腺瘤、多形性腺癌）被纳入本综述。然而，即使是具有微小基底样成分的唾液腺肿瘤在小活检标本中也可能表现为“基底样”，因此选择关注具有这种特点的常见和不常见的诊断差异。本综述将涵盖的实体还包括基底细胞腺瘤和基底细胞癌、腺样囊性癌、淋巴上皮癌、涎母细胞瘤、类尤文肉瘤样含adamantinoma 的 Ewing 肉瘤、NUT 癌和胸腺样分化癌。
