Arthritis, a prevalent inflammatory joint condition, presents challenges for effective therapeutic interventions, with conventional treatments often limited in efficacy and associated with adverse effects. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in exploring natural compounds, particularly phytoconstituents, renowned for their anti-inflammatory and joint-protective properties. This review aims to illuminate the potential of employing nanotherapeutic approaches with phytoconstituents for enhanced arthritis management. The integration of nanotechnology with phytoconstituents emerges as a promising strategy, addressing limitations in traditional arthritis treatments. Nanocarriers like liposomes and nanoparticles provide a platform for targeted drug delivery, improving the bioavailability of phytoconstituents. Furthermore, the combined effects of phytoconstituents can be leveraged to target multiple pathways in arthritis pathogenesis, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and cartilage degradation. Key phytoconstituents, such as curcumin, resveratrol, and quercetin, exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Nevertheless, their therapeutic potential is often impeded by challenges like poor solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Nanocarriers offer solutions by enhancing pharmacokinetics and enabling sustained release, thereby boosting overall therapeutic efficacy. The review explores the mechanisms underlying the anti-arthritic effects of phytoconstituents and their nanoformulations, including the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, and reduction of oxidative stress. In summary, the integration of phytoconstituents with nanotechnology presents a promising avenue for developing targeted and effective arthritis therapies. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical developers seeking innovative approaches to address the intricate challenges associated with arthritis management.