New Insights in Psoriasis Management using Herbal Drug Nanocarriers.

Psoriasis (Pso) is an autoimmune inflammatory skin disease characterized by red plaques covered in silver scales. The existing treatments provide limited benefits and are associated with certain drawbacks which limit their use. Thus, there is a need to explore more options that are highly target-specific and associated with minimal side effects. Researchers have thoroughly investigated the use of herbal drugs for their therapeutic potential. Preclinical studies demonstrate that phytochemicals such as curcumin, psoralen, and dithranol have antipsoriatic effects. These phytoconstituents inhibit the signalling pathways, such as the interleukin (IL) 23/Th17 axis and IL-36 inflammatory loop involved in the pathogenesis of Pso. These phytoconstituents down-regulate the pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. However, their application in clinical settings is limited due to poor bioavailability and access to target sites. Combining phytoconstituents with modern delivery platforms like nanocarriers can address these shortcomings and improve therapeutic efficacy. This review explores the potential of herbal remedies as a substitute for conventional therapies, emphasizing the clinical trials conducted with these herbal medicines. The paper is supported by the discussion on nanocarriers like liposomes, niosomes, emulsomes, ethosomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, and dendrimers that are used to deliver herbal medicines.