Gallin J I
Annu Rev Med. 1985;36:263-74. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.001403.
Neutrophil specific granules are thought to be important in the evolution of the inflammatory response. Specific granules are preferentially released with minor membrane perturbation in vitro or in vivo, and secreted products probably have important effects on humoral and cellular components of inflammation. In vitro studies reveal that some secreted specific granule products activate the complement cascade to generate the chemoattractant C5a and the opsonin C3b, while other secreted products are selectively chemotactic for monocytes. Translocation of receptors for chemoattractants (fmet-leu-phe) and opsonins (C3bi) from specific granules or closely related organelles to the plasma membrane may play an important role in chemotaxis, adherence, and phagocytosis. Similar translocation of constituents of the electron transport chain involved in the respiratory burst (i.e. cytochrome b) probably plays a role in neutrophil oxidative metabolism and hydrogen peroxide generation. In vivo and in vitro studies of neutrophils from patients with congenital specific granule deficiency, acquired specific granule deficiency (thermal injury and neonates), or normal neutrophils experimentally depleted of nuclei and organelles support these conclusions. Thus, release of specific granule constituents appears to be important for amplification of the initial and subsequent phases of the inflammatory response.
中性粒细胞特异性颗粒被认为在炎症反应的发展过程中起着重要作用。在体外或体内，特异性颗粒在轻微膜扰动的情况下优先释放，其分泌产物可能对炎症的体液和细胞成分具有重要影响。体外研究表明，一些分泌的特异性颗粒产物可激活补体级联反应，生成趋化因子C5a和调理素C3b，而其他分泌产物则对单核细胞具有选择性趋化作用。趋化因子（fmet-leu-phe）和调理素（C3bi）的受体从特异性颗粒或密切相关的细胞器转运至质膜，这可能在趋化作用、黏附和吞噬作用中发挥重要作用。参与呼吸爆发的电子传递链成分（即细胞色素b）的类似转运可能在中性粒细胞的氧化代谢和过氧化氢生成中发挥作用。对先天性特异性颗粒缺乏症、获得性特异性颗粒缺乏症（热损伤和新生儿）患者的中性粒细胞，或实验性去除细胞核和细胞器的正常中性粒细胞进行的体内和体外研究支持了这些结论。因此，特异性颗粒成分的释放似乎对炎症反应初始阶段及后续阶段的放大很重要。
