Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02F306, Ireland.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2024 May;89(5):817-838. doi: 10.1134/S0006297924050043.
In recent years, the role of cellular metabolism in immunity has come into the focus of many studies. These processes form a basis for the maintenance of tissue integrity and homeostasis, as well as represent an integral part of the immune response, in particular, inflammation. Metabolic adaptations not only ensure energy supply for immune response, but also affect the functions of immune cells by controlling transcriptional and post-transcriptional programs. Studying the immune cell metabolism facilitates the search for new treatment approaches, especially for metabolic disorders. Macrophages, innate immune cells, are characterized by a high functional plasticity and play a key role in homeostasis and inflammation. Depending on the phenotype and origin, they can either perform various regulatory functions or promote inflammation state, thus exacerbating the pathological condition. Furthermore, their adaptations to the tissue-specific microenvironment influence the intensity and type of immune response. The review examines the effect of metabolic reprogramming in macrophages on the functional activity of these cells and their polarization. The role of immunometabolic adaptations of myeloid cells in tissue homeostasis and in various pathological processes in the context of inflammatory and metabolic diseases is specifically discussed. Finally, modulation of the macrophage metabolism-related mechanisms reviewed as a potential therapeutic approach.
近年来，细胞代谢在免疫中的作用引起了许多研究的关注。这些过程是维持组织完整性和内稳态的基础，也是免疫反应的一个组成部分，特别是炎症反应。代谢适应不仅确保了免疫反应的能量供应，还通过控制转录和转录后程序来影响免疫细胞的功能。研究免疫细胞代谢有助于寻找新的治疗方法，特别是针对代谢紊乱。巨噬细胞是先天免疫细胞，具有很高的功能可塑性，在维持内稳态和炎症中起着关键作用。根据表型和来源，它们可以发挥各种调节功能，也可以促进炎症状态，从而加重病理状况。此外，它们对组织特异性微环境的适应会影响免疫反应的强度和类型。本综述探讨了巨噬细胞代谢重编程对这些细胞功能和极化的影响。特别讨论了髓样细胞的免疫代谢适应在组织稳态和炎症性和代谢性疾病背景下各种病理过程中的作用。最后，综述了作为一种潜在治疗方法的巨噬细胞代谢相关机制的调节。
