Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure-PSL, Paris, France.
Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Equipe E01 Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle, Créteil, France.
Commun Biol. 2024 Jun 18;7(1):741. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-06416-x.
Cognitive reserve is the ability to actively cope with brain deterioration and delay cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases. It operates by optimizing performance through differential recruitment of brain networks or alternative cognitive strategies. We investigated cognitive reserve using Huntington's disease (HD) as a genetic model of neurodegeneration to compare premanifest HD, manifest HD, and controls. Contrary to manifest HD, premanifest HD behave as controls despite neurodegeneration. By decomposing the cognitive processes underlying decision making, drift diffusion models revealed a response profile that differs progressively from controls to premanifest and manifest HD. Here, we show that cognitive reserve in premanifest HD is supported by an increased rate of evidence accumulation compensating for the abnormal increase in the amount of evidence needed to make a decision. This higher rate is associated with left superior parietal and hippocampal hypertrophy, and exhibits a bell shape over the course of disease progression, characteristic of compensation.
认知储备是指积极应对大脑退化和延缓神经退行性疾病认知能力下降的能力。它通过优化通过大脑网络的差异招募或替代认知策略的性能来运行。我们使用亨廷顿病（HD）作为神经退行性变的遗传模型来研究认知储备，以比较前驱 HD、显性 HD 和对照组。与显性 HD 相反，前驱 HD 尽管存在神经退行性变，但表现得像对照组。通过分解决策背后的认知过程，漂移扩散模型揭示了一种从对照到前驱和显性 HD 的渐进式的反应特征。在这里，我们表明，前驱 HD 中的认知储备是由证据积累率的增加来支持的，这种增加可以弥补做出决策所需的证据量的异常增加。这种更高的速度与左顶叶和海马体的肥大有关，并且在疾病进展过程中表现出钟形，这是代偿的特征。
