脑储备、认知储备、代偿和维持：认知弹性的操作性定义、有效性和机制。
Brain reserve, cognitive reserve, compensation, and maintenance: operationalization, validity, and mechanisms of cognitive resilience.
机构信息
Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Departments of Psychology, Neurology and Neuroscience, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
出版信息
Neurobiol Aging. 2019 Nov;83:124-129. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.022.
Abstract
Significant individual differences in the trajectories of cognitive aging and in age-related changes of brain structure and function have been reported in the past half-century. In some individuals, significant pathological changes in the brain are observed in conjunction with relatively well-preserved cognitive performance. Multiple constructs have been invoked to explain this paradox of resilience, including brain reserve, cognitive reserve, brain maintenance, and compensation. The aim of this session of the Cognitive Aging Summit III was to examine the overlap and distinctions in definitions and measurement of these constructs, to discuss their neural and behavioral correlates and to propose plausible mechanisms of individual cognitive resilience in the face of typical age-related neural declines.
摘要
在过去的半个世纪里，人们已经报道了认知老化轨迹以及与年龄相关的大脑结构和功能变化方面的显著个体差异。在某些个体中，尽管认知表现相对较好，但大脑中仍观察到明显的病理性变化。为了解释这种弹性悖论，已经提出了多种结构，包括脑储备、认知储备、脑维持和补偿。本次认知老化峰会 III 的目的是检查这些结构的定义和测量的重叠和区别，讨论它们的神经和行为相关性，并提出在面对典型的与年龄相关的神经衰退时个体认知弹性的可能机制。
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