Khalifa Hazim O, Shikoray Lamek, Mohamed Mohamed-Yousif Ibrahim, Habib Ihab, Matsumoto Tetsuya
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 3351, Egypt.
Foods. 2024 May 23;13(11):1629. doi: 10.3390/foods13111629.
Veterinary medications are necessary for both contemporary animal husbandry and food production, but their residues can linger in foods obtained from animals and pose a dangerous human risk. In this review, we aim to highlight the sources, occurrence, human exposure pathways, and human health effects of drug residues in food-animal products. Following the usage of veterinary medications, pharmacologically active compounds known as drug residues can be found in food, the environment, or animals. They can cause major health concerns to people, including antibiotic resistance development, the development of cancer, teratogenic effects, hypersensitivity, and disruption of normal intestinal flora. Drug residues in animal products can originate from variety of sources, including water or food contamination, extra-label drug use, and ignoring drug withdrawal periods. This review also examines how humans can be exposed to drug residues through drinking water, food, air, and dust, and discusses various analytical techniques for identifying these residues in food. Furthermore, we suggest some potential solutions to prevent or reduce drug residues in animal products and human exposure pathways, such as implementing withdrawal periods, monitoring programs, education campaigns, and new technologies that are crucial for safeguarding public health. This review underscores the urgency of addressing veterinary drug residues as a significant and emerging public health threat, calling for collaborative efforts from researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to develop sustainable solutions that ensure the safety of the global food supply chain.
兽药对于当代畜牧业和食品生产都是必不可少的，但其残留可能会在动物源性食品中残留，并对人类构成危险。在本综述中，我们旨在强调食用动物产品中药物残留的来源、存在情况、人类接触途径以及对人类健康的影响。在使用兽药后，食品、环境或动物体内会发现被称为药物残留的药理活性化合物。它们会给人们带来重大健康问题，包括抗生素耐药性的产生、癌症的发生、致畸作用、过敏反应以及正常肠道菌群的破坏。动物产品中的药物残留可源自多种来源，包括水或食物污染、超说明书用药以及忽视停药期。本综述还研究了人类如何通过饮用水、食物、空气和灰尘接触药物残留，并讨论了用于识别食品中这些残留的各种分析技术。此外，我们提出了一些潜在的解决方案，以预防或减少动物产品中的药物残留以及人类接触途径，例如实施停药期、监测计划、宣传活动以及对保障公众健康至关重要的新技术。本综述强调了解决兽药残留这一重大且新出现的公共卫生威胁的紧迫性，呼吁研究人员、政策制定者和行业利益相关者共同努力，制定可持续的解决方案，以确保全球食品供应链的安全。
