Shebeko Sergei Konstantinovich, Drobot Heorhii Yurievich, Koshchaev Andrey Georgievich, Todorov Svetoslav Dimitrov, Ermakov Alexey Mikhailovich
Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, 1, Gagarina sq., Rostov-on-Don 344000, Russia.
Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kuban State Agrarian University, 13, Kalinina Street, Krasnodar 350044, Russia.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Apr 26;15(9):1222. doi: 10.3390/ani15091222.
Artificial gastrointestinal tract models have become essential tools in veterinary medicine, providing alternatives to in vivo studies, which are labor-intensive, costly, and under certain circumstances even ethically challenging. These in vitro models facilitate the study of digestion, enable disease and host-pathogen interaction modeling, and allow for the investigation of nutrient absorption, microbiota, and pharmacokinetics. Considering the One Health concept, the application of gastrointestinal tract systems in investigations for animals can clearly reflect human health, and thus, it is pointing to the relevance of the adaptation of already existing models and the development of new models to meet the needs of veterinary and animal farming practices. This review explores and compares the various types of gastrointestinal tract models, including static and dynamic systems, and their applications across different animal species. Specific technical and methodological considerations are discussed for core animal-developed and -tested artificial systems and their integration with common 'omics' techniques. Dynamic models, such as RUSITEC and PolyFermS, more accurately simulate in vivo processes, including peristalsis, enzymatic activity, and microbial fermentation. The studies employing tools for 'omics' approaches have been conducted with more understanding analysis and comprehensive discussion and results.
人工胃肠道模型已成为兽医学中的重要工具，为体内研究提供了替代方案，体内研究劳动强度大、成本高，在某些情况下甚至存在伦理挑战。这些体外模型有助于消化研究，能够进行疾病和宿主-病原体相互作用建模，并可用于研究营养吸收、微生物群和药代动力学。考虑到“同一健康”概念，胃肠道系统在动物研究中的应用能够清晰反映人类健康，因此，这表明需要对现有模型进行调整并开发新模型，以满足兽医和动物养殖实践的需求。本综述探讨并比较了各种类型的胃肠道模型，包括静态和动态系统，以及它们在不同动物物种中的应用。针对核心动物开发和测试的人工系统及其与常见“组学”技术的整合，讨论了具体的技术和方法考量。动态模型，如RUSITEC和PolyFermS，能更准确地模拟体内过程，包括蠕动、酶活性和微生物发酵。采用“组学”方法工具进行的研究，在分析和讨论以及结果方面都有更深入的理解。
