Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of and Extracts and Essential Oils against Uropathogenic Bacteria and Foodborne Fungal Isolates.

This study focused on testing the antibacterial and antifungal activity of () and () extracts and their essential oils (EOs). The bacteria were isolated from urine samples and identified by a VITEK assay, and the fungi were isolated from spoiled food samples and further identified by MALDI-TOF. The susceptibility of the microbial isolates was assessed by determining the bacteriostatic and bactericidal/fungicidal effects by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) broth microdilution assay and time-kill test. The antibiofilm activities were assessed by the antibiofilm screening assays. The bacterial isolates included three Gram-negative isolates (, , and ) and two Gram-positive isolates ( and ). The fungal isolates included and . The and extracts exhibited bacteriostatic and fungistatic activities (MIC 1.25-2.5 mg/mL for the bacterial isolates and 2.5-5 mg/mL for the fungal isolates). However, their EOs exhibited bactericidal (MBC 5-20%) and fungicidal (MFC 1.25-10%) activities, meaning that the EOs had a better antimicrobial potential than the extracts. The antibiofilm activities of the mentioned extracts and their EOs were relatively weak. The extract inhibited , , and biofilms at a concentration of 0.3125 mg/mL and and biofilms at 0.625 mg/mL. No antibiofilm activity was recorded for extract. In addition, the packaging of grapes with extract preserved them for about 40 days. The results reflect the significant antimicrobial activity of and extracts and their EOs, thus suggesting their potential in food packaging and preservation.